1. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
matika
CMBUk 1- sMPar³GMBIeQI
1- lkçN³TUeTArbs;edIm,IeQI
1-2 TMrg;rbs;edImeQI
1-3 rsμIsMeyaKénrukçCati
1-4 TMrg;éneQI
2- karERbRbYleQI
2-1 dMeNIrkarpøas;bþÚr
2-2 karsMgYteQI
3- kareRCIserIseQI
3-1 karEbgEck
3-2 karxUcxatelIeQI
4- KuNPaBéneQI
4-1 lkçN³FmμCati
5- eQITn;
5-1 eQITn;tamtMbn;énBiPBelak
5-2 bnÞHkþareQIminrwg ¬eQITn;¦
5-3 bMlas;bþÚrBN’
5-4 RbePTéneQITn;
6- eQIrwg
6-1 eQIrwgtamtMbn;énBiPBelak
6-2 RbePTéneQIrwg
7- snøWkBas;lMGr
7-1 karplitsnøWkBaslMGr
7-2 karkat;eFVIsnøwkBas;lMGr
CMBUk 2 ]bkrN_eRbIedayéd
1- ]bkrN_KMnUsRBag
1-1 ]bkrN_rgVas;
Carpentering Works -1-

2. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
1-2 ]bkrN_KUs
2- karxYg nig ]bkrN_kat;
2-1 sVanéd
2-2 EpønsVan
2-3 bec©keTssVan
2-4 EdkecaH
2-5 EdkxYgéd ¬Edkéx¦
2-6 sVanedayéd
2-7 BnøakRkck
2-8 BnøaksMEb:t
2-9 EdkQUs
2-10 kareRbIEdkQUs
2-11 karsMelogEpøBnøak nig EpøEdkQUs
2-12 karRcwb
2-13 BUefA
2-14 kaMbit
2-15 Rbdab;ekas
2-16 rNar:
2-17 rNar:eFμjl¥it
2-18 rNar:RbCaCnkUer:
2-19 rNar:Biess
CMBUk 3 ma:sIunGarGKÁisnIcl½t)an
1- ma:sIunGarEpømUl sVan nig Garevol
1-1 ma:sIunGar
1-2 m:asIunsVan
1-3 m:asIunsMelog
1-4 m:asIunevog
2- ma:sIunQUs lk nig xat;
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3. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
2-1 ma:sIunQUs
2-2 m:asIunlk
2-3 ma:sIunxat;
3- ]bkrN_sMrab;cak;P¢ab;
3-1 ]bkrN_)aj;RKab;kib nig EdkeKal
CMBUk 4 ma:sIunGKÁisnIGcl½t
1- ma:sIunGarEpøhñwg nig édEpøeyal
1-1 ma:sIunGarEpøhñwg
1-2 ma:sIunGarmanédEpøeyal
2- ma:sIunGarExS QUs eFVIdMNab; nig sVansgát;
2-1 ma:sIunGarExS
2-2 ma:sIunQUs
2-3 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;CamYydMNab;
2-4 ma:sIunsVansgát;
CMBUk 5 kargarGnuvtþn_
1- karGar
1-1 karGaredayéd
1-2 karGarCamYyrNartMrwm
1-3 karGarCamYyrNarFñÚ
1-4 karGarCamYyrNarknÞúykNþúr
1-5 karGaredayma:sIuncl½tEpømUl
1-6 karGaredayma:sIunGarEpøhñwg
1-7 karGarCamYym:asIunGarExS
1-8 karGarCamYyma:sIunGarmanédEpøeyal
2- EdkQUs
2-1 karQUssMGat
2-2 karQUslb;RCug ¬b¤mMu¦
2-3 karQUsmuxkat;sac;eQI
Carpentering Works -3-

4. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
2-4 karQUsbnÞareQIedayeRbIma:sIunQUsGcl½t
2-5 karQUseTaleQI ¬kMras;¦ eRbIma:sIunGcl½t
2-6 eRbIma:sIunQUsGcl½tedIm,IQUseGayRtUvxñatR)akddUc²Kña
2-7 kareRbIma:sIunQUscl½t
3- kargarlk
3-1 TMhMEdlQUslk
3-2 TMhMEpølk
3-3 kartMelIgEpølk
3-4 CMhandMbUgkñúgkarlk
3-5 eRbIBumÖCMnYylk
3-6 eRbIk,allkenAelIma:sIunsVanbBaÄr
3-7 eFVIBnøÜjedayeRbIEdkQUslk
4- eQIbYnRCugesμIr
4-1 kareFVIeGayeQIbYnRCugesμIedayéd
4-2 kareFVIeGayeQIbYnRCugesμIedaym:asIun
5- tMN
5-1 erobcMeQIsMrab;eFVItMN
5-2 plittMNedaybnÞHkþar
5-3 eKalbMNgrbs;tMNeQI
5-4 viFanéntMN x-y
5-5 tMNFmμta
5-6 eKalbMNgrbs;tMNeQI
5-7 RbePTéntMN
5-8 PaBbiunRbsb;kñúgkareFVItMNeGayENn
6- tMNBnøÚj nig dMNab;
6-1 cegáamBnøÚj nig dMNab;
6-2 kareFVIBnøÚj nig dMNab;edayéd
Carpentering Works -4-

5. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
CMBUk 1 sMPar³GMBIeQI
Carpentering Works -5-

6. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
1- lkçN³TUeTArbs;edImeQI
1-1 TMrg;rbs;edImeQI
CaEbbEpnEpñkrbs;edImeQI EdlsMxan;bMputKWedImRtUvsÁal;taMgBIdI ¬rwseRkamdI¦ rhUtdl;Emk.
EmkCaEpñkmYyenAcugeK ehIyenAelIEmkmanFagtUc²rYmTaMgsøwkpg .
rwsCaRKwHmYymaM Edlcak;cUleTAkñúgdI sMrab;RTRTg;edImeQI nig vamantYnatId¾sMxan;sMrab;bWtyk
Twknig CIvCati . rukçrsenH )anmkBIrwsehIybBa¢ÚnsarCatiTaMgenaHciBa©wmekasikaedImEmknwgsøwk .
1-2 kEnøgpÞúkCIvCati
karrMhYtBIsøwknaMeGaymankarbWtykrukçrsBIekasikarbs;tYedImeQI kae)anDIGuksIutenAkñúgxül;
RtUvRsUbykedayedImeQItamrn§rbs;søwk .
karsMeyaKrbs;søwk )anEckcayeTAeGayEpñklUtlas;énedImeQI
vapÞúkeGaydl;ekasikaxøH )anl¥RbesIr .
1-3 rsμIsMeyaKrbs;rukçCati
rsμIsMeyaK ¬CaRbtikmμmYyénesrIragÁ rYmpSMBIkae)anDIGuksIut nig Twk¦ vaeFVIsMeyaKxøaMgenAeBl
yb;edayRsUmykkør:UPIl EdlmanCatiBN’ébtgkñúgsøwk EdlCaeRKOgsMrab;eFVIeGayFMFat;dl;edImeQI .
edaysar eFVIrsμIsMeyaKrebobenH søwkmantYnaTIya:gsMxan;sMrab;sMGatxül;kñúgbriyakas edaybeBa©j
xül;GuksIuEsneTAxageRkA .
1-4 TMrg;éneQI
eQICadMudul énsac;eQIEdlmanragCabMBg; ehIycgP¢ab;eTAedayekasikarYménesrIragÁ .
ekasikaenH vamanTMrg; nig TMhMxus²Kña b:uEnþCaFmμtavaEvgehIyqμarrt;tambeNþayedIm b¤ EmkeQI .
tamkarbgðajmkenH ekasikava)anlUtlas;tamTisénsésrsac;eQI .
ekasikava)anpþl;nUvkarciBa©wmcMeBaHedImeQI va)ansayPayénrukçrs nig CakEnøgpÞúkCIvCatipg
Edr . cMeBaHeQIrEdlmansPaBTn; vaeRcInEtmanTMrg;ekasikaFmμtaénsrés va)anpþl;nUvrukçrsdMbUg
sMrab;naMeTAciBa©wmCIvit . TMrg;rbs;BYkva)ansayPayCaCYr ehIykekIteLIgeTARKb;sarBagÁkayrbs;
edImeQI .
cMeBaHeQIEdlmansPaBrwg b¤ edImeQIEdleKniymcUlcitþ vamanPaBCasréssac;eQIticCag
eQIEdlTn; mansrésrn§CIvCatisMrab;naMrukçrs nig pþl;nUvkarciBa©wm . cMeBaHekasikaqμar²enH vaGacCYy
Carpentering Works -6-

7. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
eyIgkt;sMKal;fa CaeQIEdlTn; b¤ rwg)anedaysareFVIkarkat;sac;eQI . karEbgEckRbePTekasika
vaxusKñaBIRbePTmYyeTARbePTmYy sMrab;bMerIeGaykarplit)anl¥RbesIréneRKOgeRbIR)as;GMBIeQI .
cMeBaHeQIEdlmansPaBrwg b¤ edImeQIEdleKniymcUlcitþ vamanPaBCasréssac;eQIticCag
eQIEdlTn; mansrésrn§CIvCatisMrab;naMrukçrs nig pþl;nUvkarciBa©wm . karEbgEckRbePTekasika
vaxusKñaBIRbePTmYyeTARbePTmYy sMrab;bMerIeGaykarplit)anl¥RbesIréneRKOgeRbIR)as;GMBIeQI .
PaBlUtlas;rbs;edImeQI GaRs½yBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM EdlmanTMrg;CaRsTab;²elIsac;eQI .
RsTab;esþIgCakg;²enHsßitenARbeLaHsMbkeQIeTAbNþÚleQI . ry³eBlénkarlUtlas;rbs;sac;eQIfμI
EdlekItmanenAelIRsTab;xageRkAénrgVg;RsTab; ehIyeRsabsMbkBIelI ¬Calika)aneFVIsMeyaKCIvCati
eTAeGayRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;énrukçCati¦ .
cMeBaHkarrIkmaDrbs;edImeQI)aneFVIeGayrEhkdac;sMbkeQIcas; ehIyTMrg;sMbkeQIfμI)ankekIt
eLIg . kasikaeQIfμIenH )anbegáItCaBiessnUvRTg;RTaysac;eQIx©I . edayGenøIsac;eQIx©IenH)anrIkFM
Fat;enAkEnøgpÞúkCIvCatirbs;ekasika nig edayELkkEnøgxøHmansPaBRkin edaysarxVHekasika nig
CIvCati .
karlUtlas;rbs;sac;eQImanenARKb;kEnøgtaMgBIKl;rhUtdl;cug ehIysac;eQIvacab;rIkmaD
ecjBIcMNuckNþalénedImeQI . cMeBaHsac;eQIEdlx©IvaRtUvkarCIvCatieRcInedIm,IFanakarlUtlas;rbs;
sac;eQI . sréssac;eQI eyIggayRsYlemIleTAelIeQIEdlmansPaBTn;RCay nig mankarBi)ak
cMeBaHeQIrwgxøH dUcCaedImEsn (Oak) enAeBlNaEdleyIgeFVIkarBuHCabYn cMENkeTAelIsac;eQI
TaMgenaH.
cMeBaHkarlUtlas;rbs;sac;eQI eyIgeXIjfa enAelIsac;eQImansPaBCaExSrgVg; EdlekItman
eLIg KWCaEpñkmYyEdleKsnμt;faCakarlUtlas;rbs;eQIBImYyeTAmYyqñaM .
sac;eQIRsay Edlcas;CageK va)anpøas;edaysnSwm²eTACasac;eQIxøwm sac;eQIxøwmenHva)an
rIkmaD EdlmanRTg;RTayecjBItYedImmk enAeBlEdlTMhMrbs;sac;eQIRsay)anrIkFM EdlmanTMnak;
TMngERbRbYleTAnwgCIvitrbs;edImeQI .
eQIRsay nig eQIxøwm ³
eQIRsayvamanBN’Rsal EdlCaFmμtavaxusKñaeTAnwgxøwmeQIEdlmanBN’ragRkem:A .
cMeBaHsac;eQI vamanBN’xus²KñaEdr EdlnaMeGaymankarBi)akcMNaMEdr . vaGn;CageQIxøwm
EdlCaerOy² )anRtUvCagsgðarwm eRcokykecj vaminGacTb;Tn;nwgkarBukpuy ehIyvak¾qab;rh½sman
stVl¥itmkyaryIEdr BIeRBaHenAkñúgekasikavaxøHmankae)anGIuRdat PñasekasikavaesþIgEdlnaMeGay
Carpentering Works -7-

8. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
RCabsMeNIm)anrh½s . tamlT§pl sac;eQIRsaymanPaBrYjCagsac;eQIxøwm . eTaHbIya:gNak¾
eday sac;eQIvagayRsUbykfñaMkarBar edIm,IbgáarkMueGayxUcBuks¥úy .
edayehtufaeQIxøwmvaCaEpñkxagkñúgénedImeQIeBjv½y EdlRTg;RTayva)anmkBIsac;eQIRsay
EdlmancMNas; . Epñkrbs;vaenHminskmμdl;karlUtlas;rbs;edImeQIeLIy dUecñHehIy)anCaekasika
Gacgab; ehIyP¢itCamYysrIragÁ Pñasekasika)anbMElgBN’edaysarFatuKImI . sarCatiKImIenH CaedIm
ehtusMrab;begáIteGayBN’eRcInenAelIeQIrwgCaeRcIn . BBYkeQITaMgenH vamankarTb;Tl;BIemeraKpSit
nig karyaryIrbs;stVl¥itpgEdr .
eQIenAtMbn;RtCak; nig tMbn;ekþA ³
CamYyrukçCatiCaeRcIn edImeQIlUtlas;edayBwwgBak;eTAelIlkçxNÐénGakasFatu . enAkñúg
lkçxNÐsItuNðPaBmYy CaTUeTAvalUtlas;ya:grh½senArdUvrMehIy enArdUvekþAkarlUtlas;mantic nig
KμankarlUtlas;esaHenAkñúgrdUvFøak;Twkkk .
eQIenAtMbn;RtCak; enAelIExSrgVg;rbs;karlUtlas;RbcaMqñaM varYmrIk)anGaRs½yeTAedayPaB lUt
las;rbs;rdUvnImYy²Edr .
eQIEdlmansac;Tn;RCay vamansésrsac;eQIragdUcCabMBg;TIb EdlmanPñasekasikaesþIg .
cMENkÉeQIrwgvij ekasikavaragdUcCa PaCn_eQI enAtMbn;RtCak; maDsac;eQIva)ansMrbsMrYly:agrh½s
CamYy nwg GkasFatu .
eQIenAtMbn;RtCak;CaFmμtaGacsÁal;)annUvbnÞaExSrgVg;énkarlUtlas;RbcaMqñaMnImYy² )anedayva
manBN’søaMg .
cMeBaHExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaMrbs;eQIenAtMbn;ekþAvij mankarGPivDÆn_yWt eTAtamkarlUtlas;
énrdUv nig Pñasrbs;ekasikaRkas; . CaFmμtavamanBN’Rkem:A CMrabTwktic b:uEnþvaCYyciBa©wmdl;edImeQI
Edr .
ExSrgVg;énkarlUtlas;tamrdUvnImYy² vasßitenARtYtsIuKñaCakg;² bgðajeGaydwgBIGayuénedIm
eQI nig eTAtamRbePTlkçxNÐGakasFatukñúgkarkMNt;PaBlUtlas;rbs;va . bnÞarrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaM
qñaM)anbgðajtamry³GakasFatul¥ b¤ minl¥ ¬rdUvraMgePøógd¾yUr b¤ xøI¦ .
kñúgeRKOgeRbIR)as;BIeQI vamanPaBxusKñarvageQItMbn;RtCak; nig eQItMbn;ekþA vamansar³sMxan;
nig manRbeyaCn_Nas;eTAnwgkargarCageQI edayehtufa kic©karvaTak;TgeTAnwgsac;eQIEdlRtUvyk
mkeFVIenaH . sac;eQItMbn;RtCak;CaRbePTeQIRsal ehIygayRsYlGarkat;Cagsac;eQIenAtMbn;ekþA .
Carpentering Works -8-

9. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
TaMgenHk¾minCabBaðaGVIFMdMu EdlsMrab;eyIgykeTAeFVIkarenAelIma:sIun b¤ edayédEdlmanmuxbnSúI]bkrN_
kat;)anmutRsYc .
dUecñHehIyPaBrwg vamanlkçN³xusKñarvageQIenAtamtMbn; . bnÞb;BI)aneFVIkarxat;mk CaTUeTA
eQIEdlmansac;ExSrgVg;lUtlas;rabesμI vagayRsYlNas;kñúgkarxat; lab .
karEbgEckcMeBaHeQIrwgk¾mankarkt;sMKal;pgEdr enAelIeRKOgeRbIR)as;GMBIeQI . dUcenHman
karlM)akxus²KñaenAeBleyIgeFVIkarxat; labeTAelIBBYkeQITaMgenaH .
2- karERbRbYlrbs;eQI
enAkñúgkMLúgeBlrab;ryqñaMmkenH xagBaNiC¢kmμeK)anEbgEckCaRbePTeQI edaysMercyktam
TMhM GaRs½yeTAtamkarlUtlas;rbs;edImeQI . viTüasa®sþTMenIbxagkardaMéRB )aneFVIeGaymankarlUt
las;qab;rh½s dUcCaedImRsl; EdlmanragedImRtg;RsLÚn nig gayRsYlkñúgkarkat;eRcok . edayehtu
fa slrkUlmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgkarlUtlas;ya:gqab;rh½s rYmCamYynwgkarEfrkSaedayRbugRby½tñ nig
kareFVIkarRtYtBinitü pÁt;pÁg;cMeBaHesckþIRtUvkarénRbePTeQITn;enH .
vak¾manRBYy)armÖmYyEdr EdléRBeQIenAelIBiPBelaknwgRk CaBiesscMeBaHkarlUtlas;yWt
rbs;BBYkeQIrwg .
rUv 1-1 RkLaeQImanépÞrab
2-1 dMeNIrkarpøas;bþÚr
PaKeRcInGñkCMnYjeQIRtUvkarkat;yktYedImTaMgmUlrbs;edImeQInigEmkFM²xøH Gaccat;cUlkñúg
cMeNameQIh‘ubEdr . bu:EnþEpñksaxaEmkeQIeBlykeTAplit sac;vamanPaBgayRsYlBIRtg;eTACaekag
rmYl b¤ eRbHEbk . cMeBaHRbtikmμxagelI edIm nig EmkFM² vaminmanGVIxøaMgkøaeT . cMeBaHsac;eQITn;eK
eRcInEtplitCarebobsgát;eGayENnsac;eQIEdlenARsTab;xagkñúg ÉeQIrwgvijeKeRbIenARsTab;xag
Carpentering Works -9-

10. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
elI . karrlMedImeQIkat;Cah‘ub b¤ eFVIkardwkCBa¢ÚneTAeragGarEtmþg sMrab;EkécñeGayeTACaeQIGar
eRKOg tubEtgCaFmμtaeKplitCabnÞHesþIgéneragcRkeFVIkþarbnÞH .
cMeBaHeQIh‘ubEdl)anGarrYcGacTak;TgeTAnwgkarnaMecj b:uEnþbc©úb,nñRbePTeQIrwg)anplitecj
BIRbeTsxøHdUcCa ma:eLsIu NÐÚensIu hVIlIBIn nig eRbsIul kñúgenaHk¾RtUvmanviFankaredIm,IkarBaréRB
eQITaMgenaHBIsMNak;Gñkkab;éRBeQIEdr nig naMmknUvkarbegáInR)ak;cMNUlCYydl;RbCaCnTaMgenaH .
eQIh‘ubNaEdlEvg ehIyFMvaCaeQIEdlmanKuNPaB nig EpñkeQIxøHeTot EdleKkMum:g; vamantMélx<s;
nig CaFmμtaeKEkécñvaeGayeTACasnøwkBaslMGr .
eragGareQI ³
sBVéf¶enH eQIh‘ubeK)anEkécñeGayeTACaRbePTeQIGar edayeFVIkarGarCamYyma:sIunGarExS b¤
edayma:sIunGarfas . BIedImeLIy EdlKμanma:sIun kic©karenHeKeFVIedayéd edayeRbIrNaykS KWkñúgkar
GarmanmnusSBIrnak; mñak;QrenAeRkameQIh‘ub nig mañk;eTotQrBIelIeQIh‘ubruj nig TajrNacuHeLIg
eKGarCaRbePTbnÞHkþar b¤ eQIRCug .
viFIGarrebobfμI manBIrRbePTKWGarCasnøwkbnÞHkþar nig GarBuHCabYn . karGarCabnÞHkþarCaTUeTA
enAeBlEdlExSrgVg;lUtlas; vaeTACYbépÞelIbnÞHkþarsßitenAmMutUcCag 45 dWeRk . karGarBuHCabYn
CaTUeTAkMNt;eQIEdlmanExSrgVg;lUtlas;vamin)antUcCag 45 dWeRk eTAnwgépÞelIénbnÞHkþar .
eRkABIviFIGarTaMgBIrrebobenH k¾GacmanviFId¾éTeTot EdlGacykmkGnuvtþpgEdr . eKGacdwg
fa karGarsnøwkbnÞHkþar)anedaysÁal;sac;eQIrabesμI nig GarBuHCabYnedaysac;eQImansñameRbH sac;
eQImanEPñk sac;eQIenAEpñkcMehog .
dMueQIbnÞb;BIGarBuHCabYnRCug)anRtwmRtUvehIyeKGacGareRcokCabnÞHkþar edayGarBuHTTwgRtg;BI
épÞmuxrbs;bnÞHkþar b:uEnþenAeBlGnuvtþbnÞHkþarEdlGar)anmk RtUvdak;cUleTAtamRbePTrbs;va . bnÞH
kþarenHGanykeTAécñenAelIma:sIun Garevol edIm,IeFVIrbs;tubEtgénrUbragBgRkeBIr .
karGarbMEbkCabnÞHkþar KWCakareRcokRtg;rYmCamYyTMhMKMrUxøH nig eBlxøHvaGaRs½yeTAnwgsac;
eQI . karGarBuHCabYn )anbgðajeGayeXIjkat;ExVgKñaRtg;énbnÞHkþar EdlmanbeNþayEvg EdleKeRcIn
ykRbePTeQIrwgmkGadUcCaedImEsn (Oak) CaedIm .
karécñeQIh‘ub ³
ragerAeQIGar eGay)anRtwmRtUvvaGaRs½yeTAnwgEpørNa nig vamanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgExSlUtlas;
RbcaMqñaMpgEdr . viFIsnSMsMéc)aneRcInenAelIkarEkécñeQIh‘ub Kwkarkat;eRcokCacenøaH² eFVIrebobenH KW
Carpentering Works -10-

11. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
karGareRcokRtg;tambeNþayeQIh‘ub edayEckCaGarépÞrabesμIr GarbMEbk bMEbklMGit CabnÞHtUc²
eTot .
kareRcokeQIh‘ubénrNarExS )anbMEbkCaEpñkcenøaH² edayGareRcoklayKña rvagGarépÞrabesμIr
nig GarbMEbk edIm,eFVIbnÞHkþar . karEkécñeQIh‘ubeGayeTACabnÞHkþaréneQIBuH GaceFVIeTA)aneTAtam
cMnYnpøÚvénEpørNar . pøÚvEdleRcokenH vaRsbKñaCanic©énbnÞHkþarnImYy² b:uEnþviFIenHvax¢Hx¢aybnþic EdleK
minsUveRbIkñúgkareFVICMnYjeLIj . tamvIFIFmμta eKGarBuHeQIh‘ubCa 1 PaK 4 sin rYceKGareRcoktam
RbePTnImYy²CabnÞHkþar . kñúgrbrCMnYjeQIh‘ubEdl)anGarBuHCa 1 PaK bYn ehIy eKRtUvGareRcokCa
bnÞHRCugRkas;sin rYc)anécñCabnÞHkþar .
edIm,IeRCIserIseQIykmkGar 1 PaK bYn RtUvemIlEpñkxagcugénmuxkat;sac;eQI eRCIserIsbnÞH
kþarEdlmanExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbEhl 90 dWeRk eTAnwgépÞelIrbs;bnÞHkþar kñúgenaHGñkRtUvKitfa kareRCIs
erIsbnÞHkþarNaEdlmantMéledIm,IeFVIkarplitecjmuneK .
2-2 karsMgYteQI
eQIh‘ubEdl)ankab;mkfμI² vamanPaKrysMeNImx<s;Nas; PñasekasikaEdlRbehag)anepSIm
ya:geCaKeTAedayTwk .
karsMgYteQICaviFImYyEdleFVIeGays¶ÜténsMeNIm nig TwkecjBIPñasekasika . tamGñksMgYt
eQI TwkEdl)at;bg;BIekasikaRbehag KWTal;EtPñasekasikamansMeNImEtmYyKt; TaMgenHsÁal;)aneday
cMNucénsréssac;eQI EdlmansMeNImRbEhl 30 PaKry nig kMNt;eTAtamRbePTeQI . vaman
sMeNIm nig )at;bg;eTAvijenAeBlNa EdlPñasekasikacab;epþImrYjsVit . Twk nwg)at;bg;enAeBl Edlva
manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgsMeNImenACMuvijva . dUecñHRtUvsÁal;BItulüPaBsMeNIm (EMC) .
karsMgYtenHmansar³sMxan;Nas;edIm,I eFVIeGay)anl¥RtwmRtUvkñúgenaHedIm,IFananUvPaBRbRktI
EdlekItmaneLIgenAelIeQI nig edIm,IFanatamtulüPaBrbs;sMeNIm eGaymankMritRbhak;RbEhleTA
nwgbBaðaEdleQImankarrIkehIm nig rYmsVit .
karsMgYtedayxül; ³
sMgYtedayxül;KWCaviFIRbéBNImYy sMrab;eFVIkarsMgYteQI bnÞHkþardak;enAelIépÞrabesμI mancenøaH
bnÞHeQInImYy²RbEvg 1 inch (25mm) nig dak;eGayXøatBIKña 8 inch (450mm) .
CaFmμtakardak;eQIsMgYtenHRtUvdak;eGayputBIdI nig mandMbUledIm,IkarBarTwkePøóg nig BnøWéf¶
xül;FmμCati)anbk;cUltamcenøaHeQI eFVIeGayeQIs¶ÜtsnSwm² . cMeBaHeQIrwgeKdak;sMgYteQI Edlman
kMras; 1 inch (25mm) kñúgry³eBl 1 qñaM nig cMeBaHeQITn;manry³eBlknøHqñaM viFIenH vaminéføb:uEnþva
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12. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
GacbBa©úHsMeNImmkRtwmEt 14 nig 16 PaKry ehIyvaGaRs½yTak;TgeTAnwgsMeNIm kñúgGakasFatu
pgEdr . sMrab;eRbIR)as;Epñkxagkñúg RtUvkareQIEdlsMgYtedayLkMedA b¤ GacykeQIsMgYtedaybirya
kasFmμCatiEdlvaGaceRbIR)as;)an .
karsMgYtedayLkMedA ³
eQIEdlGaceRbIR)as;Epñkxagkñúg RtUvkarsMeNImRbEhl 6 eTA 8 PaKry b¤ k¾GaceFVIeTA)an
TabCagenHGaRs½yeTAelIsMeNImkñúgGakasFaturbs;TItaMg . karsMgYteQIedayLkMedARtUv)aneRbIR)as;
eFVICaCMnYjsMrab;bBa©úHsMeNImeQI eGayenAeRkamkMritsMgYtedayxül;eTAeTot nig manry³eBléf¶c,as;
las; . bnÞHeQI)anpÞúkelITMrehIyrujcUleTAkñúgL . eFVIkarRtYtBinitüedayRbugRby½tñenAeBlNa Edl
layxül;kMedA nig bUmcMhayeTAelIKMnreQIedayrMhYtsMeNImsnSwm² .
sMeNImRtUveGay)anCak;lak;eTAtamlMdab;énRbePTeQI Edl)anykmkeFVIkarsMgYt .
eQIEdl)ansMgYtedayxül; nwgRtUvrkSaTukdak;eGayenAeRkamsMeNImbiryakas nig mineGay
RtUvkMedAéf¶ eBlNasMgYteQIedayLkMedAsMerc)anRtUvrkSavaenAkñúgbriyakasFmμCati EdlRtUvykmk
eRbIR)as; .
PaBminERbRbYl ³
eQIEdlsMgYtehIyvarYj TMrg;rbs;bnÞHeQI)anpøas;bþÚreTACakarrYmsVit . CaTUeTAkarrYmsVittam
ry³beNþaysac;eQImancMnYnRbmaNeRcInCagBIrdgénkarrYmsVittamry³TTwgsac;eQI .
enAelIbnÞHkþarsMEb:t PaBrYjxøaMgsßitenAelIbnÞHkþar ¬TTwgkþar¦ cMENkenAelIbnÞHeQIRCugvij
PaBrYjva sßitenAelIEpñkbnÞar nig mantictYcNas;enAelIEpñkkMras; .
clnaénkarrYjsVit vaGaceGaymankarrmYlxøHEdr bnÞHkþarsMEb:tEdlGarcMbNþÚleQI tamry³
beNþaysac; vamanPaBxusKña ExSrgVg;enAEpñkxageRkAbMput manPaBrYjeRcInCag ExSrgVg;enAEpñkxagkñúg
ehIyvamansPaBekagtamry³TTwgsac;eQIEdr .
muxkat;eQIbYnRCug EdlGacnwg)anmkCarag)a:elLÚRkam rIÉmuxkat;ragmUlnwgGacCaragBg;
RkeBI . cMeBaHbnÞHeQIRCug sac;eQItamry³beNþayvadUcKña karxUcxatmantictYc b¤ KμanPaBrmYl .
PaBminERbRbYl )anrYmpSMCamYykarkarBarépÞrabesμIrbs;sac;eQIrpgEdr . cMeBaHbnÞHkþarRCug
eKcUlcitþykeTAeFVIépÞkMral nig eRKOgsgðarwm .
Carpentering Works -12-

13. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
karRtYtBinitüsMeNIm ³
sMeNImeQI)anmkCaPaKryelIkarsMgYtTMgn;kñúgLkMedA . karKNnaenH edayeRbobeFobeTA
nwgTMgn;edIméndMueQICatMNag ¬eKeRcInyksac;eQIEpñkkNþalCaCagEpñkxagcug¦
CamYynwgTMgn;Edl )ansMgYtehIyenAkñúgL . TMgn;sMgYtenH)anmkedaydkecjrvagTMgn;edIm nig
TMgn;Edl)at; nig eTAtam smIkarEdleRbIsMrab;KNnasMeNImCaPaKry ¬TMgn;TwkEdl)at;éndMueQI ¼
TMgn;sMgYtedayLéndMueQI¦x 100 .
]bkrN_rgVas;sMeNIm vamanm¢úleGLicRtUtBIr
EdlgayRsYlkñúgkarRtYtBinitürksMeNIm. ]bkrN_rgVas;EdlmanersIusþg;eQIesIm nig
eGaylT§plPaKryénsMeNImeQIya:grh½s .
karbgçÚgm¢úleGLicRtUtbBa©ÚleTAkñúgeQI tamcMnucepSg² énbNþaykþaredIm,IrkkMritmFümPaK
kþarTaMgGs;EdlsMgYtvaminmanGRtakMritdUcKñaeLIy .
3- kareRCIserIseQI
cMeBaHRbePTeQITn;eKeRcIneRbIR)as;eTAelIkargarCageQI . CaTUeTAeQITaMgenaH vamanTMhMén
Gar EdlRtUveFVIkarGareGayRtUvtamTMhMxñatsþg;dar . mYy b¤ eRcInsMrab;épÞmux b¤ épÞrabxagelI . rebob
énkarQUsykecjya:gtic 1/8 inch (3mm) BIépÞnImYy² . TMhMTTwg nig kMras;BitRtUvtUcCagTMhMGar
rYc EdlGñkRKb;RKgCaGñkkMNt;rYmTaMgRbEvgbeNþaypgEdr . EdlCanic©Cakal)anvaytMéleTAtam
RbePTrbs;va .
eTaHCaPaKryeRcIn énRbePTeQIrwg CaTUeTA)anlk;CaRbePTeQIRCugeTAtamTTwg nig beNþay
rbs;eQIGar . enAkñúgenARbeTsmaneQI mahogany, teak, oak, and ramin ¬eQμaHeQI¦ GacTij)an
eTAtamTMhMxñaténeQIGar . TMhMxñaténeQIGarenHKitCaÉkta foot RbEhl 3/16 inch (5mm) . Canic©
kalRbEvgbeNþayeQIRtUvbEnßmEpñkelIsEdlsMrab;eFVIkarkat;tMrwm .
3-1 cMNat;fñak;
cMeBaHRbePTeQITn; mansésreQI nig EpñkelcRtEdteLIg CaTUeTAvaeRcInmansar³RbeyaCn_
nig KuNPaBl¥CaeRcInelIkargarCageQI EdleRbIsMrab;lMGrEpñkxageRkA nig minmankMlaMgsgát; .
RbePTeQITn;EdlGacekag)annUvkMlaMgsgát;)anRtUvykeRbIR)as;elIeRKagq¥wg Edlmansar³
sMxan;xøaMg . EpñkeQIEdlmansac;føaCaerOy² eRcIneRbIbEnßmeTAelIkEnøgeQImanEPñk nig Rtg;kEnøg
EdlxVHcenøaH b:uEnþRbePTeQIenHCaFmμtamin)anykmkeRbIR)as;CapøÚvkareLIy .
Carpentering Works -13-

14. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
cMENkÉRbePTeQIrwg )ankMNt;eTAelIbrievNéneQIxVHcenøaH nig eTAelIeRKOgEdlmantMél .
cMNat;fñak;l¥RbesIrmanTImYy nig TIBIr (FAS) .
karerobcMeQItamlMdab; GaRs½yGñkÉkeTs b:uEnþGñkeRCIserIseQIedayxøÜnÉg RbsinebIGñkGac
eFVI)an . eBlGñkeTATijeQI ykmkQYs GñkGacQUselIeQItMNagmYydMutYc enaHGñkGaceXIjsésr
sac;eQI nig BN’EdlbiT)aMgeTAedayFUlIdI b¤ kMeTcGacm_rNar .
3-2 PaBminRbRktIrbs;eQI
luHRtaEteQI)aneFVIkarsMgYtedayykcitþTukdak;karsgát;)anbgðajfa )aneFVIeGayvaxUc b¤
kic©kareFVIelIvamankarBi)ak karsMgYtEdlminRKb;RKan;GacnaMeGaymankarrYjsVitnUvEpñkénTMhMxñat
muxcMNareQIeLIge)ar nig mansañmeRbH .
munnwgTijeQIRtUvRtYtBinitüépÞeQI ERkgmansñameRbH EPñk nig sac;eQImin)anesμIl¥ emIlEpñk
xagcugénmuxkat;eQIh‘ub edIm,IGareRcok tMrg;tamRbEvgbeNþayedIm,IRtYtBinitü ERkgmanrmYl b¤ ekag.
rUb 2-3 PaBminRbRktIénsac;eQI
karBinitüemIlsñamragsMbukXμúM ¬No1.énrUb 2¦
ekItmaneLIgenAxagkñúgénbnÞHkþar eBlNaEdlxageRkAminesßrPaBmunsac;xagkñúgvanwgs¶Üt
EpñkxagkñúgvarYjxøICag EpñkxageRkA EdlFmμtavarEhksréseQIrenAépÞxagkñúg .
Carpentering Works -14-

15. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
sñameRbHpÞat; ¬No2. énrUb 2¦
sac;eQIEdleRbHpÞat; KWsñamrEhk EdlekIteLIgelIRTg;RTayrbs;sac;eQI eTAtamkarlUt
las;minFmμta b¤ mkBIkMlaMgsVit sac;eQIeRbHpÞat;manragekag )aneRbHcMhenARbeLaH ExSrgVg;lUt
las;RbcaMqñaM .
sñamEdleKElgeRbI b¤ eRsabEPñk ¬No3. énrUb 2¦
cMeBaHsñamRbePTenH vaCavtßúesssl;BIEmkEdlgab;eTAehIy vaCadgát;eQIEdlmanExSrgVg;lUt
las;fμIenACMuvijva . EPñkEdlgab;enH vanwgrebHecjenAeBlEdleQIs¶Üt . sréseQI)aneLamB½T§EPñk
ragreqtrqUtEdlCaplBi)akdl;kic©kar .
PaBekag nig e)ar ¬No 4. énrUb2¦
buBVehtuenH bNþalmkBIdak;KrbnÞHkþarCaCugmin)anl¥ Edlmankarsgát;elIKña nigmankarBi)ak
kñúgkarGarkat; . {Rbtikmμ} eQIenHvaqab;pøas;bþÚrenAeBlEdleFVIkarsMgYt b¤ Garkat;pgEdr .
sñameRbHenAEpñkxagcug ¬No5 énrUb 2¦
sñameRbHxagcugenH vaCaFmμtaEdlbNþalmkBIkars¶ÜtelOneBk EdlekIteLIgenAEpñkxag cug.
karbiTP¢itmuxénEpñkxagcugedayBas b¤ labfñaM kMueGayRCabTwk edIm,IkarBareRbHbnþreTot .
EpñkEdlduHkñúgsac;ragRTEvg ¬No 6 énrUb 2¦
cMeBaHEpñkenH vaGaceGayxUcnUvEpñkxageRkA EdlvaenAlayLMenAelIRTg;RTayrbs;eQI .
karRtYtBinitüépÞelI ¬No 7 énrUb 2¦
CaFmμta vaekItmaneLIgtambeNþayExS nig mandMuC½rtUc²puseLIg edaykarsMgYtelOneBkén
épÞelI .
4- KuNPaBrbs;eQI
kMLúgeBleQI)ankekIteLIgedayFmμCati EdlEpñknImYy²EbøkBIKña . muxkat;rbs;edImeQI
nImYy²nwgmankarxusKña vak¾GacmanPaBrwgmaM b¤ BN’dUcKña b:uEnþsac;eQImindUcKña vamanPaBepSg²Kña
EdlmanlkçN³PaBrwgmaM BN’ PaBGaceFVI)an nig køin dUcenHeQIEdlykmkeFVIGaRs½yeTAtamkar
eRCIserIsrbs;eQI . kargareQIRtUvmankarhVwkhat; dUcenHGñkCMnaj RtUvxitxMeGayGs;smtßPaB edIm,I
sÁal;BIEpñkeQInImYy² . kareRbIeQI nig PaBsÞat;CMnajEtmYyKt;EdlCapøÚvGaceGayeyIgsÁal;BIKuN
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16. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
PaB rbs;sac;eQITaMgGs; . lkçN³FmμCatiBiessrbs;eQI)ansegçbenAEpñkxageRkam nig RbePTeQI
xus²KñaTaMgGs;enAelIBiPBelak )anbgðajenAelITMB½rbnþbnÞab; .
4-1 lkçN³FmμCatiBiess
sNæanxageRkArbs;sac;eQImanBN’ nig RkLaEdlRtUvBinitüBic½ymuneK enAeBlNaEdlRtUv
eRCIserIseQIsMrab;KMeragnImYy² . lkçN³elIkargar b¤ PaBrwgmaM vaCalkçN³TIBIr EdlRtUvBinitüBic½y
b:uEnþeBlxøH vamincaM)ac;mansar³sMxan;GVIEdr ehIynwgRtUveRCIserIseQIeGaysmrmü tameKalbMNgpg
Edr . ebIsinCaGñkminFøab;sÁal;eQInUvEpñkNamYy cMeBaHGñkRtUvBiPaKSaBIKuNPaBvaCamYyGñkpÁt;pÁg;
rbs;Gñk edIm,IeFVIeGay)ansMercnUveKalbMNgrbs;Gñk .
kareRCIserIseQI KwCarebobmYy EdlRtUvBinitüemIlnUvPaBrwgmaM PaBEdlGaceFVI)an TMgn; tMél
nig PaBEdlGacrk)an . karBinitülkçN³eQIkMNt; edayFmμCatiénTMrg;ekasikava .
sac;eQI
ekasikarbs;eQI)anpÁMúKñaCaRTg;RTay ehIybegáIt)anCasac;eQI EdlbegáIt)anCabnþbnÞab;taMg
BIG½kSKl;rhUtdl;cugénedImeQI . FmμCatiénsac;eQI)ankMNt;edaylMdab;fñak;énkarbgðajtamry³
beNþaysac;énekasikaTaMgenH .
edImeQIlUtlas;Rtg;RslUn )anbegáItCasac;eQIRtg; sac;eQIkat;Kña KWCaTMrg;enAeBlEdl
ekasikagakecjBIG½kSrbs;edImeQI . edImeQIxøH EdlrmYlKWkarlUtlas;rbs;vabegáIt)ansac;eQIrmUr.
enAkñúgxN³xøH karlUtlas;CarmUrenH)angakecjBImuMmYyeTArkmMumYyeTot CamYynwgkEnøgnImYy²énExS
rgVg;lUtlas; lT§plCasac;eQIcak;eRsH . sac;eQImanpñt; nig sac;eQIGgáaj;²ekIteLIgelIedImeQI
EdlmanekasikaRTg;RTaydUcTwkrlk TMrg;CarlkesμIxøIenAEpñkxagcugvamineTogTat; . cMeBaHsac;eQI
EdlmineTotTat;enH vaBi)akkñúgkargar nig xat;lab ekasikavapøas;bþÚrTisedAtQb;QrbegáIt)anCa
sac;eQIduHÉkÉg . bnÞHkþarEdlmansac;eQIGgáaj;² EdlmankarrYmpSMepSg²KñatammMu épÞelIrbs;sac;
eQI nig RTg;RTayrbs;ekasika . cMeBaHsac;eQIRbePTenH eKykvaeTAeFVICasøwkBaslMG . kareRcok
sac;eQIKWeFVIeTAtamRbEvgbeNþayrbs;eQI rYmCamYyry³beNþayekasikaEdr . karQUsépÞelIsac;
eQI tamTisedArbs;sréseQI EdlRsb b¤ eTreLIg nig eTAtamTisedArbs;skmμPaBQUs . karQUs
edaybnSúIsac;eQIeRcIn KWeFVIenAeBlNaEdlsrésreQIeTreLIg rYmCamYyTisedAénskmμPaBQUseq<aH
eTAmux eFVIkarQUsenAeBleQIminTan;écñ .
karGar b¤ karQUsTTwgsac; KWsMedAcMeBaHkñúgkarkat;eRcIn b¤ tic Edlkat;EkgeTAnwgsac;eQI .
Carpentering Works -16-

17. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
RkLasac;eQI ³
Epñkénsac;eQIenH )aneRbIR)as;CaFmμtasMrab;BN’nanUvGakar³xageRkArbs;eQI edayeyageTA
tamkarrYmpSM énkarlUtlas;BIFmμCati EdlmanlkçN³BiessrYmKñarbs;rUbPaB .
karlUtlas;xusKñakñúgcenøaHrdUvekþA nig rdUvRtCak;mandg;sIueténExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaM kar
EbøkBIKñargVg; karEbgEckBN’ karekItmanCMgW b¤ karxUcxat nig viFIeRbIR)as; edIm,Ipøas;bþÚreQIeGayeTA
CabnÞHkþarTaMgGs;Edlpþl;eGaytamry³rUbPaB .
manedImeQICaeRcIn EdlmanTMrg;CasaCImUltaMgBIKl;rhUtdl;cug eBlNaEdlGareRcokeFVICa
bnÞHkþar)anbgðajeGayeXIjCaTMrg;CaGkSrG‘uy (U) rbs;bnÞHnImYy² enAeBleFVIkarQUs)anbeBa©j
eGayeXIjRsTab;ExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaM . eQIh‘ubEdl)anGareRcokbMEbk ExSrgVg;RbcaMqñaMRtUvkat;
EkgCamYynwgEpøEdkQUs nig rUbPaBEbøkKñaEdlminmantictYc)anbgðajCaesrIénbnÞat;Rsb . eQIxøH
EdlmanxusEbøkKñaénsrésrekasika )anbgðajeGayeXIjenAelIkareRcokbMEbk nig plitCarUbPaB
mansñamExScuc²KYreGayTak;Tajcitþ .
TMrg;rbs;rUbPaB vaminmanEdnkMNt;cMeBaHeQIBIKl;rhUtdl;cugRtg;eLIy . manTMrg;EbkCaBIr
rvagEmkeTAnwgedIm )anbegáItCacMBam b¤ Casøab rUbPaBeRcIneGaytMéleTAelIsnøwkBasenAeBlEdlkar
lUtlas;xusEbøkBIFmμtabuBVehtubNþalmkBImaneRKaHfñak;xøH . Ggát;eQIk¾mansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr
sMrab;karEkécñrUbPaBtamsNæanPaB EdlmanragdUccanRkLÚmGaceFVI)anelIkargarRkLwg .
srésreQI ³
EpñksrésrenH vaTak;TgeTAnwgTMhMrbs;ekasikaeQI sréseQIEdll¥ KWRbeLaHekasikatUc
ehIybiTCit . cMeBaHsréseQIeRKIm² vamanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgekasikaFM² . sréseQI)aneRbIR)as;pg
EdrsMrab;BN’naBIkarEckekasikakñúgTMnak;TMngeTAnwgExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaM . eBlEdlmankarxusKña
tictYc rvageQIenArdUvekþA nig eQIenArdUvRtCak; enAEpñksréseQIEdlrabesμI . enAeBlEdleQIman
ExSrgVg;lUtlas;rYm eyIgsMKal;eXIjfa sréseQImin)anrabesμI .
srésrbs;eQIva)anEsþgecjmincMeBaHEtkarkat; b¤ QUsb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþvak¾manlkçN³xag
eRkAenAeRkamkarERbBN’ b¤ cugbBa©b;énkarxat;lab .
5- eQIminrwg ¬eQITn;¦
karehAeQμaHCaeQITn;enH)aneLIgedayRkumrukçsa®sþénéRBeQI)anmkBIRsTab;énsrlkUl
edayRkumrukçsa®sþ ¬daMkUneQI nig pSBVpSayRKab;BUC¦ . edImeQImanragCaekaN duHCaCYrRKbdNþb;
Carpentering Works -17-

18. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
edayBN’ébtgEdlmansøwkragdUcm¢úl . edImeQIEdl)anbriyayenHvax<s; b:uEnþvaminmanTaMgGs;nUv
TMrg;EbbenHEdr .
eBlNaEdlpøas;bþÚreTACabnÞHkþar cMeBaHeQITn;enH eK)ankMNt;eTAnwgBN’Rsal nig dg;sIuet
enAcenøaHeQIrdUvekþA nig rdUvRtCak;kñúgExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaM .
5-1 eQITn;tamtMbn;kñúgBiPBelak
RbPBeRKOgpÁt;pÁg;rbs;BiPBelak xagBaNiC¢kmμeQITn;vamkBIPaKxageCIgénGDÆeKall¥Cag
eK . valatsn§wgkat;tMbn;d¾EsnRtCak; éntMbn;Gwrub nig GaemricxageCIgcuHeTAshrdæGaemricxagt,Úg .
srlkUlvaTak;TgeTAnwgkarlUtlas;ya:grh½s )aneFVIeGayedImeQIduHRtg;taMgBIKl;dl;cug EdlGac
efakkñúgkareFVIksikmμ nig RbmUlBIGñkdaMduHéRBeQI . BBYkTaMgenHefakCagRbePTeQIrwg nig CaTUeTA
sMrab;GaKar nig kargarCageQIehIyenAkñúgeragcRkeK)anplitCakþarbnÞHkMeTceQI nig Rkdas .
5-2 bnÞHkþareQITn;
RKb;bnÞHkþarTaMgGs;éneQIsMrab;sg;pÞHeK)anyksMbkecjTaMgGs; nig tMrUvEKmRCugEdlmanBaM
sMbk ehIyGacTij)anBIkEnøgeragma:sIunGareQI . bnÞHkþareKRtUvtMrUveTAtamTMhMxñat . CaFmμta
bnÞHkþarsMrab;eFVICMnYjRtUveFVIEKmRCugeGay)anEkg nig KμanCab;sMbk . sac;eQIRsayvamanBN’Rsal
ehIymanersIusþg;tictYcTl;nwgPaBmaM nig RtUvTb;Tl;CamYystVl¥itCagsac;eQIEpñkbNþÚl .
5-3 karbþÚrBN’
BN’eQImaneRcInsn§wk vaminmanRbePTdUcKñaEtmYyb:ueNÑaHeT . edImeQImandUcKñapgEdr .
eQIEdlmanBN’cas; eRcIneFVIeGayeTACaBN’Rsal kareFVIeGayBN’RsalxøH KWkarbþÚrBN’enAelIépÞrab
karGnuvtþn_xat;labKμanGVIsMxan;kñúgkareGayBN’eQIeTarTn;eTArkBN’cas; . tMNagdMueQIkaer:tUc
Edl )anbgðajmanTMhMBitBimun nig bnÞab;BI)aneFVIkarxat;labrYcral; . karRtYtBinitügaymYy )aneGay
eXIjc,as;bnÞab;BI)anxat;labBN’enAelIeQImYyedayeFVIkardusxat;labedayRmamédrbs;GñkrYcmk
TukeGays¶ÜtnUvépÞelIrbs;eQI .
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19. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
5-4 RbePTeQITn;
rUbPaB eQμaH lkçN³
CaeQITak;TajcitþmYy sac;eQIEpñkbNþÚlmanBN’etñatRsal karplitman
Cedar of PaBxusKñarvageQIrdUvekþA nig eQIrdUvRtCak;GacmanBkeRcIn .
Rebanon eRbIR)as;³ EpñkxagkñúgeFVIeRKOgsgðarwmdak;kñúgsYnc,ar kargar CageQIEpñk
sMNg; .
Cedar CaeQITak;Tajcitþya:gRsTn; manBN’Rkhmlayetñat eKniymBN’R)ak;
Westhern red RbepH bnÞab;BIdak;eGayRtUvFatuGakasry³eBlyUr .
Cedar
manBN’elOgsøaMg sréseQIrabesμIrYmCamYysac;eQIRtg;l¥ EdlmanBN’
Yellow
RsalmaMenAeBls¶Üt .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm sMNg;TUk kargarCageQI snøwkBaslMGr .
Fir
sac;eQIRtg; eQIBN’Rkhm layetñatEdlmanTMhMEPñkFM .
Douglas
eRbIR)as; ³ kþarkMupøakek kargarCageQI CaTUeTAeRbIR)as;enAGaemricxag
eCIgkñúgkic©karsMNg; .
Fir
BN’ERkmsøaMg KμanC½r nig PaKeRcInCaeQIKμanBN’ mansac;eQIRtg; nig
Silver
sréseQIl¥ karkt;sMKal;vaRbhak;RbEhleTAnwg Nowayspruce .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQI sMNg; RbGb;kþarkMupøaek begÁal .
Hemlock
BN’etñatsøaMg CaeQIBak;kNþalføa mankarlUtlas;epSg²KñaeTAtamTI
Western
kEnøg sréseQIrabesμI nig sac;eQIRtg;ehIyKμanC½r .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarsMNg; kargarCageQI kþarkMupøaek .
Kauri
sac;eQIRtg;rYmCamYysrésrabesμIl¥ BN’ERbBIetñatsøaMgeTApáaQUklay
Queensland
etñat .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQI eRKOgsgðarwm .
vamansac;eQIRtg; nig manTMrg;sréseQIdUc²Kña sac;bNþÚleQIBN’Rkhm
Larch søaMg manBN’RsalenAEpñksac;Rsal .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQI sMNg; bnÞHkþarRkal .
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20. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
mansac;eQIRtg; nig mansréseQIl¥ Gakar³xageRkAvaRbhak;RbEhleTA
Pine nwg Parana pine sac;eQIRsayvamanBN’etñatRsalBaseBj nig enAsac;
Hoop nig enAsac;bNþÚleQImanBN’ elOg-etñat .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQI sMNg; RkLwg eRKOgsgðarwm .
sréseQIrabesμI sac;eQIRtg;CamYyExSrgVg;lUtlas;minesμIKña bNþÚleQI
Pine manBN’etñatRsal rYUmCamYynwgxøwmEdlmanBN’etñatcas; CaerOy²vaman
Parana sñamqUtBN’RkhmeqIt .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQi eRKOgsgðarwm RkLwg
sac;eQIRsaymanBN’elOgsøaMgBaseBj vaTn;KμanC½r nig srésrabesμI
Pine bNþÚleQIF¶n;vamanBN’elOgeq<aHeTARkhmlayetñat nig C½reQI .
Ponderosa eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsMrab;eFVIKMnUr TVar eRKOgsgðarwm ¬eQITn;¦
kargarCageQI sMNg; ¬bBa©ÚleQI¦ .
Pine
RbePTeQIminTn; minrwg sréseRKImmFüm sac;eQIrabesμI sac;Rsay
Sugar
manBN’s nig BN’RkhmlayetñatsøaMgenARtg;sac;bNþÚl .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQI sMNg; eRKOgsgðarwm sMNg;TUk kþarkMupøaek .
Pine
sac;eQIRtg; nig sréseQIrabesμI elOgsøaMgeq<aHeTARkhmlayetñat
Western White
rYmnwgkarERbRbYltictYcrbs;BN’enAcenøaHrdUvekþA nig rdUvRtCak; .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargarCageQI sMNg; eRKOgsgðarwm sMNg;TUk kþarkMupøakek .
sac;eQIRtg;Tn;qμar sréseQIrabesμIl¥ nig ExSrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaMminesμI
Pine Kña vamanBN’elOgsøaMgERbeTAetñatsøaMg .
White eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsMrab;KUs kargarCageQI eRKOgePøg sgðarwm
kargarsMNg; .
sréseQIrabesμIl¥ nig sac;eQIRtg;sac;bNþÚlvaBN’Rkhmlayetñat kar
Rimu RkLwg)anpøas;bþÚrbnþicmþg²BIBN’etñateq<aHeTAelOgénsac;Rsay .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm kargarCageQI kþarkMupøaeK snøwkBaslMGr .
Redwood
CaeQImanC½r nig BN’RsalCamYyelOg-etñateTARkhmlayetñatenAsac;
European
bNþÚlnig s-elOgRsalenAsac;RsayvamanragerAepSg²Kña .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm kargarCageQI kargarsMNg; .
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21. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
sac;eQIRtg;BN’Rkhmlayetñat vamanPaBpÞúyKñaenAcenøaHeQIrdUvekþA nig
Sequoia
eQIrdUvRtCak; sréseQIERbRbYlBIrabesμIQaneTArkeRKImKμanC½r ./
eRbIR)as; ³ bnÞHeQI eRbIEpñkxageRkA EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI kþam
QUs cMrwg kþakMupøaek .
Spruce
sac;eQIRtg;føa sréseQIrabesμI PaKeRcInBN’sr eQIenArdUvekþA nig BN’
Norway
elOgetñatsøaMgenArdUvRtCak; .
eRbIR)as; ³ sMNg; kargarCageQI RbGb; kþarkMupøaek bnÞHkþarxÞb;sMelg .
KμanC½r eQIBN’Rkhmsr sac;bBa©ÚlBN’páaQUkRsal CaFmμtasac;eQI
Spruce Rtg; nig sréseQIrabesμI BwgEp¥kelIkMriténkarlUtlas; .
Sitka eRbIR)as; ³ sMNg;TUk EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI sMNg;eRKOgePøg ekA
GIeyal cgVarEcvTUkRbNaMgtUc kþarkuMpøaek .
sVit rwgCaRbePTeQITn; sac;bNþÚlmanBN’TwkRkUc Rkhmsac;Rsayman
Yew BN’PøWepSgKña eFVIkartubEtgRkLaeQI .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm RkLwg kargarCageQI .
6- eQIrwg
karehAeQμaHeQIrwg vadUcCaeQITn;Edr KWeyageTAtamRkumrukçsa®sþénéRBeQI eTaHCaya:gNa
eday PaKeRcIn)aneRbIR)as;eQIrwgCageQIEdlmkBIRkumeQITun . RbePTeQIrwgEdlmansøwkFM² )an
kMNt;cUleTAkñúgRkum Angiosperms ¬kUneQImanpáa¦ . Angiosperms va)anbegáInRKab;BUCenAGUEv
bnÞb;mkvavivDÆn_kan;EtRbesIreLIgeTACaEpø b¤ RKab; . edImeQImansøwkFMenHeRcInlUtlas;tamtMbn;
ehIynig ruHeraysøwkrbs;va enArdUrRtCak; b:uEnþminEmnTaMgGs;enaHeT manxøHvavivDÆn_eTACaedImeQIEdl
mansøwkexov . edImeQIEdlmansøwkFM² valUtlas;enAéRBRtUBic EdleRcInEtedImeQIEdlmansøwkexov .
CaTUeTAeQIrwgeRcIneRbICab;)anyUrCageQITn; nig kareRCIserIseTAtamcMNg;BN’ sréseQI nig RkLa
BBYkeQITaMgenaHmantMéleRcInpgEdr nig manPaKxøH enAEpñkNamYyCaeQIkMreXIj
k¾mantMélya;géfø )anERbkøayeTACasnøwkBaslMGr .
6-1 eQIrwgenAtamtMbn;énBiPBelak
mankarEbgEckeQIrwgrab;Ban;RbePTenAelIBiPBelakeyIgenH manrab;ryRbePTRtUv)anRbmUl
nig eRbIR)as;kñúgkareFVICMnYj . ktþaGakasFatumansar³sMxan;ya:geRcIn cMeBaHkarlUtlas;eTAtam
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22. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
RbePT . TUeTAedImeQImansøwkFM²ruHerayenAGDÆeKalxageCIg nig vamansøwkexovenAtMbn;RtUBik nig
GDÆeKalxagt,Úg .
RbePTeQIrwgenHmankarlUtlas;ya:gyWt fVIebIya:genHk¾mankmμviFIdaMsarCafμIedIm,ICYyEfTaM
éRBeQIEdr . eQIEdlenAx©IvamanKuNPaBl¥xøH mindUcedImeQIEdlmanGayucMNas;eT .
6-2 RbePTeQIrwg
CaeQICab;)anyUr sac;eQIhab; nig Rtg; sac;bNþÚlmanBN’ elOg-
etñatcas;eTAnwgBN’edImém:sak; sréssac;eQIl¥ b:uEnþvamindUceRbgeTA
Afrormosia nwgedImém:sak;eT .
eRbIR)as; ³ snøwkBaslMGr EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI Epñkxagkñúg
éneRKOgsgðarwm sMNg; .
Alder
minsUvrwg sac;eQIRtg; sréseQIrabesμI elOgsøaMgeTABN’Rkhmlay
Red
etñat .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm RkLwg cMlak; kþarkuMpøaek snøwkBaslMGr .
eRKIm b:uEnþCaTUeTAsac;eQIRtg; sac;eRsamBN’s nig etñatsøaMgenAsac;
Ash bNþÚlvaRbhakRbEhleTAnwg European ash .
White eRbIR)as; ³ RBng;vay)al; ]bkrN_kan; sMNg;TUk kargarCageQI
eQIeRKagelI eRKOgsgðarwm .
sVitsréseRKIm sac;eQIRtg; BN’sreTAetñatsøaMgsac;bNþÚleQIh‘ubBN’
Ash
exμA .
European
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgbrikçakILa nig ]bkrN_kan; eQIKMeragelIeRKOg
Tn;ehIyRsalsMrab;CMnYyéneQIrwg sac;eQIRtg;CamYyBN’føaetñatx©WxøaMg
Balsa eTACapáaQUk .
eRbIR)as; ³ RTnab;eFVIsMPar³KMrUCMnYy LaMgva:n; .
Bass
sac;eQIRtg;l¥ sréseQIrabesμI BN’ERkms karRkLwgdak;eGayRtwmRtUv
Wood
eTABN’etñatsøaMg .
eRbIR)as; ³ RkLwg snøwkBaslMGr kargarCageQI .
Carpentering Works -22-

23. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
sac;eQIRtg; nig sréseQIrabesμIl¥BN’etñatx©IeTARkhmlayetñatRsal .
Beech
RkalCag European Beach .
eRbIR)as;³ eFVITUk eQIKMeragelIeRKOgsgðarwm épÞxagkñúgénkargarCageQI
RkLwg .
sac;eQIRtg; nig sréseQIrabesμIl¥ slayetñat karRkLwgBIBN’elOg
Beech layetñateTABN’Rkhmlayetñat .
European eRbIR)as; ³ eFVITUk eQIelIKMerageRKOgsgðarwm épÞxagkñúgénkargarCageQI
snøwkBaslMG RkLwg kþarkuMpøaek .
Birch
sa;ceQIRtg;l¥ nig sréseQIrabesμI sac;RCaymanBN’ERkmsswgTaMg Gs;
Paper
nig sac;bNþÚlBN’etñatsøaMg .
eRbIR)as; ³ RkLwg eRKOgRbdab;pÞH)ay kþarkuMpøaek snøwkBaslMGr .
Birch sac;eQIRtg; nig sréseQIrabesμI sac;RsayvamanBN’elOgx©I nig sac;
Yellow bNþÚlvamanBN’RkhmlayetñatCamYyExSrgVg;lUtlas;BN’cas;epSg²Kña.
CaTUeTAsac;eQIRtg; b:uEnþeBlxøHsac;eQIcak;eRsHKñarwgehIyF¶n;vamanBN’
Blackbean etñateRcIn nig sñamqUt²BN’etñat .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm kargarCageQI snøwkBaslMGr .
CaTUeTAsac;eQIRtg; k¾b:uEnþsac;eQIGaccak;eRsH nig rlksréseQIrabesμI
Blackwood mFüm BN’masetñatføaeTABN’etñatcas; .
Australian eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwmEpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI RkLwg sVaykaMePøIg
snøwkBaslMGr .
sréseQIrabesμIl¥ vaRkasehIyF¶n;Gacmansac;eQIRtg; nig minRtg;ehIy
Boxwood manBN’elOgx©W .
eRbIR)as; ³ cMlak ]bkrN_kan; Rklwg bnÞat;
rwgehIyF¶n; sac;Rtg; nig srésrabesμIr sac;RsaysøaMg vapÞúyKñaeTAnwgsac;
Brazilwood
bNþÚlBN’Rkhm TwkRkUceqIt RkLwgeTABN’RkhmetñatragerACabnÞH .
eRbIR)as; ³ eQIRClk;BN’ RkLwg k,alvIyULúg sVaykaMePøI épÞxagkñúgén
kargarCageQIsnøwkBaslMGr .
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24. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
minefakminéfø sréseQIeRKImrabesμIr vaGacRtg; rW cak;eRsHKñaénsac;eQI
Bubinga BN’RkhmetñatCamYysVayEdlmansñamdUcsrés .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm snøwkBaslMG eRKOgeRbIR)as;GMBIeQI .
Butternut
sac;eQIRtg; nig sésreQIeRKIm sac;bNþÚlBN’etñatmFüm .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm cMlak; EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI .
Cherry
rwg sac;eQIRtg; nig sésreQIl¥ sac;bNþÚlRkhmlayetñat eTARkhmdit
Black
sñamcuc²BN’etñat nig dk;C½rxøH² .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm eFVIrbs;KMnUr kargarCageQI eRKOgbrikçaePøg exSó .
sésreRKIm nig ExSrgVg;lUtlas;FM Gakar³xageRkA Rbhak;RbEhleTAnwg
Chestnut Oak eQIGac)anmkBIedImeQIEdlgaygab;QrRtg; .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm kþarmQUs begÁal sñwg >> .
rwg F¶n; eQIsVit sac;eQIminRbTak; nig sésreQImFümmanBN’epSg²KñaKYr
Cocobolo eGaycUlcitþ sVay eTAelOg exμARklwgeGayeTACaTwkRkUc-Rkhm .
eRbIR)as;³ RkLwg dgkaMbit xñgCk; >>>> .
rwgsac;eQIRkasehIyF¶n; séseQIrabesμIr nig sac;eQIRtg;rWrlkeQIRsay
Ebony BN’elOg sac;bNþÚlBN’exμA rW etñatcas; .
eRbIR)as; ³ RkLwg eRKOgbrikçaePøg dgkaMbit .
séseRKIm maM sVit eQImandg;sIuetmFüm Fmμtamansac;eQIRtg; b:uEnþGac
Elm mancak;eRsH sMrab;Bt;)anl¥RbesIr sac;bNþÚlmanBN’Rkhmlayetñat
White søaMg .
eRbIR)as; ³ sMNg;TUk eRKOgsgðarwm ]bkrN_ksikmμ ]bkrN_vtßúburaN .
Elm
Dutch and
seésreRKIm ExSrgVg;lUtlas;manEbbepSg²Kña naMeGayecjCaragerATak;
English
Tajcitþ bNþÚleQImanBN’etñatx©I-etñat .
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25. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
Concalo
rwg sésreQImFüm nig mineTotTat; sac;eQIcak;eRsH Rkhmlayetñat
Alves
CamYysñamqUt²exμARbhak;RbEhleTAnwgGakar³xageRkArbs; Rose wood.
eRbIR)as; ³ RkLwg eRKOgsgðarwm snøwkBaslMGr .
sésreQIeRKImCaTUeTAsac;eQIRtg; b:uEnþGacmineTotTat; b¤ rlksac;Rsay
Hickory BN’s sac;bNþÚlRkhmlayetñat .
eRbIR)as; ³ dg]bkrN_ eRKOgbrikçakILa ekAGI eQIk¾enAelIeRKOgsgðarwm.
Jelutong
Tn; føa l¥ sésreQIRtg;rabesμI ERkmRkhmlayBN’etñatsøaMg .
eRbIR)as; ³ karkat;CaKMrU bnÞHkþarKMnUr tMN Epñkxagkñúg cMlak .
Kauvula
CaRbePTsac;eQIrabesμI BN’elOg b¤ etñatsøaMg .
eRbIR)as; ³ tMNEpñkxagkñúg nig eRKOgsgðarwm .
sésreQIl¥føarabesμI bNþÚleQIKYreGayTak;Tajcitþ éqñCarUbbnÞHénpáa
Kingwood vIyUELtetñat exμA nig elOgmas .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm .
vaTak;TgeTAnwgeQIEdlmanséseRKIIm² Edlmansac;eQIxagkñúghab;ENn
Lauan bNþÚleQICamFümmanBN’exμARkhm .
Red eRbIR)as; ³ EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI sMNg;TUk eRKOgsgðarwm snøwk
BaslMGr kþarkMupøaek .
Mahogany manséseQICamFüm ehIyRtg; nig sac;eQIhab;ENnrabesμIbNþÚleQI
Brazilian manBN’Rkhm nig etñatlayRkhm .
Lignum
rwgNas; eQIF¶n; mansésreQIl¥ nig sac;hab;ENn bNþÚleQImanBN’exμA
Vitae
layébtg etñatlayexμAFmμtadUceRbg .
eRbIR)as; ³ kñúgkarRT r:k jjÜr RkLwg .
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26. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rwg F¶n; sac;eQIRtg; nig sésreQIl¥ sac;eQIx©IBN’s bNþÚleQIman
Maple
BN’Rkhm nig etñatRsal eBlxøHsMrab;eFVICarUbEPñkrbs;bkSI rW rUbEdlman
Hard
pñt; .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm RkLwg eRKOgePøg eQIRCujrbs;QμÜjlk;sac;
kMral snøwkBaslMGr .
mansésreQIl¥ nig sac;eQIRtg;vamaM mindUc Hard Maple eT manBN’dUc
Maple ERkmetñatRsalCaerOy² eFVICarUbGgáaj; .
soft eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm eRbIR)as;EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI RkLwg
snøwkBaslMG eRKOgePøg kMral kþarkMupøaek .
sésreQIRKab;² rUbTak;TajcitþtictYcCag White Oak BN’páaQUklay
Oak Rkhm .
Red eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI kMralsnøwkBas
lMG.
mansésreQIBIRKab;mFümeTAFM² sac;eQIRtg; . vaRbhak;RbEhleTAnwg
Oak European Oak b:uEnþvapøas;bþÚreRcInBN’EdlminRCabTwk .
white eRbIR)as; ³ sMNg; kMral eRKOgsgðarwm EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI
kþarkMupøaek snøwkBaslMGr .
Oak
mansésreQIRKab;² nig sac;eQIRtg; s¶ÜtCag European nig Whit Oak
Japanese
BN’elOglayetñatRsal .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm kþarBas kMral sMNg;TUk snøwkBaslMGr .
mansésreQIRKab;² nig sac;eQIRtg; manExSrgVg;lUtlas;epSg²Kña nig
Oak manExSeQIc,as;eBlNaEdlGareRcokBuHbMEbk manBN’etñatsøaMg .
European eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm kargarCageQI épÞxagkñúgsMrab;kic©kareQI kMral
cMlak; sMNg;TUk ..
lkçN³Biess CaeQIEdlmanTMgn;RsalKYrsmEdr CamYysésreQIrabesμI
Obeche
l¥ . sac;eQIhab;ENn BN’dUcERkmBN’slayelOg .
eRbIR)as; ³ EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI bnÞat;rbs;GñkKMnUr eRKOgsgðarwm
kþarkMupøaek sMPar³KMnUrkñúgkarKUs .
CaeQIrwg F¶n; mansac;eQIhab;ENn Rtg; nig manséseQIRKab;lμm BN’
Padauk Rkhm nig Rkhmbnþic etñat nig RkhmRbLak;qñÚt² .
African eRbIR)as; ³ EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI eRKOgsgðarwm RkLwg dgkan;
kMral sÁal;CafñaMRClkBN’eQI .
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27. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
sac;eQIRtg; nig séseQImFüml¥ bNþÚleQIBN’RkhmlayetñatRsal
Plane ExSeQIcas;exμA eFVICarUbsñamcuc² dUcC½reQI vaRbhak;RbEhlb:uEnþexμAcas;
European Cag American Sycarmore .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwménkargareQI RkLwg snøwkBaslMGr .
sNæansésreQImFüml¥dUc²Kña CaFmμtasac;eQIRtg;Tak;Tajcitþ BN’
Purpleheart sVaybnþic .
eRbIR)as; ³ sMNg; sMNg;TUk snøwkBaslMGr .
manséseQIrabesμIlμml¥ CaFmμtasac;eQIRtg; BN’ERkmetñatsøaMg .
Ramin eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI RkLwg Rbdab;ekμg
elg cMlak; kMral snøwkBaslMG .
rwg nig F¶n; séseQImFüm sac;eQIRtg; eFVIrUbmanKuNPaBx<s;manBN’etñat
Rosewood etñatlayexμA .
brazilian eRbIR)as; ³ snøwkBaslMGr eRKOgsgðarwm kargarCageQI RkLwg dgkaMbit
eRKOgePøg cMlak; .
Rosewood
F¶n; RKab;lμm nig séseQIdUc²Kña sac;eQIhab;ENneFVICaekAGWCYr manBN’
Indian
maseTAnwgetñatRsal exμAqUt²Rsal b¤ cas; .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm eRKOgcab;P¢ab;kñúghag eRKOgePøg RkLwg kMral .
F¶n; eQIføa séseQIrabesμIs¥ nig sac;eQIhab;ENn sMrab;eFVIrUbCabnÞH
Satinwood
manBN’etñatmas rYmCamYysñamtUc² .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI RkLW snøwkBas
lMGr.
sésreQIRKab;rabesμI CaFmμtasac;eQIRtg;rYmCamYyExSeQITUlaymanBN’
Slky oak
RkhmlayetñatvaRbhak;RbEhleTAnwg Red Oak Rtg;b:uEnþmin)anl¥dUc
Oak eT .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm snøwkBaslMGr EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI .
séseQIrabesμIl¥ CaFmμtasac;eQIRtg; b:uEnþvamin)aneFVIeGayRcLMCamYy
European Sycanmore eT eKGacehA Sycamore maple b:uEnþRsalCag
European plane etñatsøaMgCamYynwgExSeQIragcas;epSg²Kña eBlEdlGar
Sycamore
eRcokbMEbkehIyeFVICaRbePTeQIføa .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargareQI eRKOgsgðarwm snøwkBaslMGr eQIRCujrbs;QμÜjlk;
sac; .
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28. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
sésreQIrabesμIl¥ sac;eQIRtg; eBlNaeRCokbMEbk GacykeFVIxñgvIyULúg
Sycame BN’s eTABN’elOglays .
European eRbIR)as; ³ RkLwg eRKOgsgðarwm brikçac®gáan)ay kMraleQIsMrab;eFVIxñg
vIyULúg .
sésreQIeRKIm minrabesμI nig manrMGileRbg sac;eQIRtg;rWrlk Teak enA
Teak
RbeTsPUmanvamanBN’ etñatTwkmasEtmYy d¾éTeTotmanBN’cas; .
eRbIR)as; ³ EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI sMNg;TUk eRKOgsgðarwm Epñkxag
kñúgénsYnc,ar kþarkMupøaek RkLwg snøwkBaslMGr .
hab; eQIrwg rYmCamYyséseQIl¥mFüm Fmμatvamansac;eQImineTotTat;
Tulipwood manBN’páaQUklayelOgKYreGayniymcUlcitþ .
eRbIR)as; ³ RkLwg eRKOgbrikçarc®gáan)ay RbGb; snøwkBaslMGr .
sésreQImFüm Fmμtamansac;eQIcak;eRsH sMrab;eFVICarUbbnÞHenAeBlNa
Utile
Edl)aneRCokbMEbk . BN’páaQUklayetñatRklwgeTABN’Rkhmetñat .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm sVaykaMePøIg EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI kMral
kþakMupøaek snøwkBaslMGr .
CaeQIsVitrYmCamYysésreQIeRKIm Fmμtasac;eQIRtg; b:uEnþvaGacmanrlk
Walnut, black
manBN’etñatcas; eTAsVaylayexμA .
eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm sVaykaMePøIg EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI eRKOg
brikçaePøg RkLwg cMlak; kþarkMupøaek snøwkBaslMGr .
mansésreRKIm rYmCamYy sac;eQIRtg;eTArlkmanBN’RbepH etñatrYm
Walnut CamYysñamqUt²BN’cas;² .
European eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI sVaykaMePøIg
RkLwg cMlak; snøwkBaslMG .
manenAkñúgTVIbGIr:ub b:uEnþvaminman Walnut BitR)akdeT
Walnut CaFmμtasac;eQIcak;eRsH nig rlk BN’vapøas;bþÚrBIPøWeTAetñatcas; .
Queensland eRbIR)as; ³ eRKOgsgðarwm EpñkxagkñúgénkargarCageQI eFñIrkñúghag kMral
snøwkBaslMGr .
minefakminéfø eQITn; nig TMgn;Rsal rYmCamYysac;eQIRtg; nig sésreQI
Yellow-poplar
l¥ sac;RsayBN’søaMg sac;bNþÚlBN’exoveTAetñat CamYyBN’sñamtUc² .
eRbIR)as; ³ kargareQI sgðarwm cMlak; sMNg;EbbRsalEpñkxagkñúg TUk
Rbdab;ekμgelg kþarkMupøaek .
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29. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
7- snøwkBaslMGr
snøwkBaslMGrCasnøwkya:gesþIg b¤ { søwk } rbs;eQIEdl)anmkBIkarRtiHrbs;eQIh‘ubsMrab;kar
plitTUeTA rW tubEtglMGreTAtameKalbMNg; . vaCasnøwkrabesμI EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;eFVIenAeRKOgsgðarwm
xøH . manRbCaCnxøHyl;eXIjfa kalNasnøwklMGrvaGn;CageTAnwgeQIrwg eTaHbIy:agNak¾manKMnit
ExVgKñaBIrbIEdrGMBIsnøwkBaslMGrenH . kareRCIserIssMrab;BN’FmμCati nig rUbrag rW kic©karedayrYmbBa©Úl
TaMgk,ac;páa rW tamsNæanrbs;snøwk edIm,IeGayEbøk nig manKuNPaBeTAelIeRKOgsgðarwm nig kic©kar
eQI >>> . sBVéf¶enH CaTUeTAeKeRbInUvkavTMenIb ehIyrwgsMrab;bitEpñkxageRkayénbnÞHkþar . karBas
RsTab;Can;elIeTAeQIrwg ehIynigGnuvtþbitpÞaMgbnÞab;² . CamYyFnFanFmμCatirbs;eyIgsMrab;eQIEdl
l¥ nwg)anElgeXIjbnþicmþg² . bnÞHeQIesþIgeqHeKGaceFVIeTA)anedayeRbIR)as;eQItMélefak dUecñH
eyIgGacbnþkarsb,ayrIkrayCamYyFnFanFmμCatirbs;eyIg .
7-1 karplitsnøwkBaslMG
eragcRkplitsnøwkBaslMG ¬snøwkesþIg¦ enHRtUvkardwgCak;lak;kñúgkarplitCamYynwgGñkTij
eQIh‘ubEdlmanCMnajkñúgkarBinitüKuNPaBeQIh‘ub . edIm,IplitsnøwkesþIgenHeGayRtUvtamsþg;dar
CMnYj eRbIR)as;eyabl; nig bTBiesaFn_rbs;Kat;eyIgeFVIkar)a:n;RbmaNelIsßanPaBeQI kñúgeQIh‘ubEdl
CamUldæanénkarBinitüenAEpñkxagkñúgmYy .
edaykaremIlenAmuxkat;rbs;eQIh‘ub GñkTijRtUvkMNt;KuNPaBrbs;eQI
GVIEdlGaceRbIR)as; )anenAsnøwkesþIenH BN’ nig kMriténsac;RsayeTAsac;bNþÚl
ktþad¾éTeTotnwgmanT§iBleTAelItMél éneQIh‘ubEdlRtUvkt;sMKal;pgEdr .
rYmbBa©ÚleTAelITMhMénkarbþÚrBN’xøH nig PaBxUcxatxøHdUcCaduH sac;kñúgsMbkeQI EPñk Rbehagkñúg .
Bt’mand¾eRcInenH nig bgðajeGayeXIjenAeBlEdlkat;tam beNþayeQIh‘ubelIkTI 1
b:uEnþGñkTijmanTisedATijeQIh‘ubmunnwgkat;va .
kalNaeQIh‘ubTijehIyRtUvdwkCBa¢ÚnbBa©ÚleragGareQI vamanGñkCMnajkarénkarkat;snøwkesþIg
enH nig eFVIkar)a:n;RbmaNnUvkarkat;snøwkesþIgenH EdltMrUvpøÚvkat;)anRtwmRtUv edIm,Ipøas;bþÚreQI eGay
manTinñplcMnYnGtibrima nig KuNPaBx<s;énsnøwkesþIgenH .
karEbgEckkMrit
snøwkBaslMGrRtUv)ankat;edayRtiHCabnÞH² nig KrCapg;tamlMdab; snøwkesþIgenH)anqøgkat;
sMgYtrYcehIy eTIb)anEbgEcktamkMritrbs;va PaKeRcInkat;elIma:sIunkat;RkdasedIm,ItMrwmeGayRtUvtam
RTg;RTay nig TMhMeTogTat; snøwkesþIgmantMéledayRtwmRtUveTAtamTMhMrbs;eK nig manKuNPaB RtUv
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30. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
mankarRtYtBinitüCa]bkrN_dUcCaxUcxatenAeBlGar kMras; RbePTénBN’ nig RkLa nig karEbgEck
kMriteGayRsbeTAtamhñwgEdr . EpñkéneQIh‘ubmYyGaceGayTinñplsnøwkesþIg nig tMélepSg²Kña
snøwkesþIgEdlmancMNt;fñak;l¥RbesIrKW { épÞmuxmanKuNPaB} nig
mantMélx<s;CagsnøwkesþIgminl¥ { cMNat;fñak;cugeRkay} .
snøwkesþIgenH)anRtUvrkSaTuk nig cgCa)ac;bI 16, 24, 28, 32 snøwk dMu)ac;enHRtUv)andakTukerog
Kña tamlMdab; nig RbmUldMueQIh‘ubTukkñúgeragrYcral;sMrab;lk; .
7-2 karkat;snøwkBaslMGr
eQIh‘ubEdlsMrab;kat;eFVIsnøwkBaslMGrenH)anmkBIkarkat;edImeQIedayyktYedImKWsßitenA
cenøaHBIb¤sTl;mkEmkdMbUg . EpñksMbkRtUvykecjBIeQIh‘ubehIyRtYtBinitüEpñkxageRkA dUcCaEdk
eKalCaedIm .
munnwgERbkøayeQIh‘ubeGayeTACasnøwkesþIgenH eKRtUveFVIeGayvaTn;enAkñúgTwkekþA b¤ cMhuy .
vaGackat;elwIkdMbUgedayeRbIrNaExSFM bnÞab;mkeRbIR)as;viFIkat;snøwkesþIg . kñúgkMLúgeBlénsßanPaB
enH RtUveFVIkarRtYtBinitüCalMdab;eTAtamRbePTénkarlM)akrbs;eQI nig kMras;edIm,Ikat;snøwkesþIg vaGac
eRbIeBléf¶rW s)aþh_ . sac;eQIsøamg eKminsUveRbIkareT eKalbMNgcg;)ansnøwkeQIEdlmanBN’ .
manvFIsa®sþCamUldæankñúgkarkat;snøwkesþIg katkat;edayGareRcok karkat;edayrgVil nig kar
kat;CabnÞHsMEb:tesþIg .
karkat;edayGareRcok
rUbPaB 4-5 karkat;edayGareRcok
rhUtdl;CitstvtSTI 19 eTIb)anGPivDÆn_ma:sIunkat;snøwkbnÞHesþIg BImunsnøwkbnÞHesþIgTaMgGs;
RtUv)ankat;edayeRbIelIkdMbUgKwGaedayéd nig GaredaykMlaMgrbs;mnusS . snøwkesþIgTaMgenHeRcIn
RkasxøHcab;TI 1/8 inch (3 mm) .
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31. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
snøwkesþIgEdl)anGarkat;edayma:sIun GarEpømUlFMvamankarx¢Hx¢aynUvsMPar³xøH b:uEnþkarBi)ak
kñúgkargarEtmYyKt;KW sac;eQImineTotTat;dUcCamancEgvk . CaFmμatvamankMrasRbEhl 1/32 eTA
1/16 inch (1 eTA 1/16 mm) .
GñkGaceRbIR)as;rNarExSenAeragCagrbs;Gñk b¤ ma:sIunGar edIm,IplitbnÞHénsnøwkesþIg eTAtam
eKalbMNg CaBiesseTaHbIkarbgðajenHTTYl)anplefakeRcIn rW k¾pþl;CUnGñkCamYysMPar³d¾l¥RKb;RKan;
eTAtMrUvkarrbs;elakGñk CagsnøwkesþIgénCMnYjGacrk)an .
karkat;edaybgVil
rUbPaB 1-6 karkat;edaybgVil
kareFVIsnøwkesþIgéneQIRsal rW eQIrwg )ankat;edayviFIykrgVileQIh‘ubTaMgmUl RtUv)ancab;P¢ab;
eTAkñúgma:sIunRkLwgFMEdlbkCabnþbnÞab;nUvbnÞHrbs;snøwkesþIgenH . eQIh‘ubviltambeNþayma:sIun
ehIysgát;b:HeTAelIr)a nig kaMbit kaMbitcab;P¢ab;enAeRkamr)ar ehIytMrUveTAtamkMras;rbs;snøwkesþIg
karcab;P¢ab;r)ar nig kaMbitvamanTMnak;TMngeTAeQIh‘ubCaktþasMxan; edIm,IkarBarépÞeQIkMueGaymankar
xUcxat dUcenHRtUvdwgBIkarRtYtBinitüsMrab;karvilCMunImYy²éneQIh‘ub kaMbitQaneTAmuxedaysV½yRbvtþi
eTAtamkMras;rbs;snøwkesþIg . snøwkesþIgEdl)anplitenH Gacdwg)anedayEbøkxus²KμanénExSRkLa
eQI eBlNaEdlbnþkarkat;snøwkesþIgeq<aHeTArkExSrgVg;lUtlas; .
karkat;edayrgVilCaEpñkmYyEdleGaypll¥ edIm,IplitsnøwkesþIgeGayRKb;RKan;sMrab;GñkeFVI
bnÞHkþar eKGackat;)anTTwgeRcIn .
eTaHCaPaKeRcIneRbIR)as;sMrab; karplitrbs;snøwkBaslMG k¾edayk¾viFIenH)aneRbIsMrab;eFVIkar
tubEtglMGrsnøwkesþIgdUcCamanRkey:AmUldUcCaEPñkrbs;bkSIénedImeQImYyEbb (mapls) .
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32. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
karkat;edayRkLwg
rUbPaB 1-7 karkat;RkLwg
ma:sIunRkLwgGaceRbIR)as;pgEdr edIm,IplitsnøwkesþIgsMrab;tubEtglMGrEdlFMTUlayCamYyeQI
Rsal eBlxøHsnøwkesþIgenHvadUcCaRbePTénbnÞHesþIgEdlmanExSeQIénkarlUtlas;rbs;va .
TaMgenH)aneFVIelIeQIh‘ubedaycab;P¢ab;elIma:sIunRkLwgEdlmank,alcab;edIm,IplitehIyCa
skmμPaBkat;EdlEbøkmYy .
eQIh‘ubRtUvykeTAkEnøgpÞúkEdlmanTItaMgenAcenøaHedayTb;enAcMnuckNþalénm:asIunRkLwg b¤
Bak;kNþalénrgVg;eQIh‘ub . snøwkesþIgmYyRtUvkat;ecjBIeQIh‘ubnUvmMumYyTab .
eBlRkLwgCitdl;Bak;sac;bNþÚl eKRtUvykeQIh‘ubecjBIeRBaHenAsac;bNþÚlenHvamansñam
eRbH b¤ Rbehag vaCakarkat;EpñkcugeRkayEdleRbIR)as;sMrab;biTTl;BIsnøwklMGrxagelI .
karkatbnÞHsMEb:tesþIg
rUbPaB 1-8 karkat;bnÞHsMEb:tesþIg
KWCakarplitenAbnÞHsnøwkesþIgeQIrwgsMrab;tubEtglMGr . snøwkbnÞHrbs;eQIh‘ub )anbgðajBI
Gakar³xageRkAénFmμCatirbs;eQI karkat;eQIelIkdMbUgeTAtambeNþayeQI nig )a:n;RbmaNcMeBaHRkLa
sac;eQI pøÚvEdlkat;eQIh‘ub)anCabnÞHesþIgenH elcecjCasñamRkLaeQITTWgrbs;bnÞHesþIgsMEb:t
kMNt;eTAtamTMhMrbs;dMueQI .
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33. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
duMeQIh‘ubEdleRcokBak;kNþalb¤ ¼ dak;elIkEnøgEdlmaneRKagrMGil EdlGacpøas;bþÚreLIgelI
cuHeRkam)an . kMlaMgsgát;e)a nig kaMbitsßitenAépÞedkenABImuxeQI nig bnÞHsnøwkesþIg)aneFVIclnacuH
eRkaméneRKag . bnÞab;BIkarkat;nImYy²kaMbitvaeq<aHeTAmuxeTAtamtMrUvkarkMras;énsnøwkesþIg .
eQIh‘ubBak;NþalrgVg;sMrab;plitbnÞHesþIgEdlmanrUbRkLaeQIEdlCaTUeTAeRbIeTAkargartuTU .
snøwkesþIgTaMgenHmanrUbRkLaeQIKYreGayTak;Tajcitþ .
rUbPaBsac;eQIKYreGaycab;GarmμN_ nig Tak;Tajcitþ eBlNaEdlkat;sac;eQIcUleRCAeTAkñúg
eQIh‘ub)anbgðajExSRkLaeQIkan;Etc,as;TaMgGs;enH)andak;cab;P¢ab;eTAelIér:eQIEdlGacrMkil)an
tamTisedAEdlGaceFVI)an edIm,IplitcMnYneTAtamGtibrmaénsnøwkesþIg nig eTAtamTMhMeQIh‘ub . eQI
EdlGaceRCokbMEbk ¼ k¾Gacdak;elIkEnøgér: edIm,IbnÞHesþIgsMEb:t snøwkvatUcCagsnøwkesþIgEdlkat;BI
Bak;kNþaleQIh‘ub b:uEnþGacbgðajeGayeXIjnUvExSRkLaKYreGayTak;TajcitþEdr .
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34. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
CMBUk 2 ³ ]bkrN_eRbIedayéd
Carpentering Works -34-

35. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
1- ]bkrN_KMnUsRBag
man]bkrN_KMnUsRBagCaeRcIn EdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edayCageQI . kñúgcMeNam]bkrN_TaMg
enaH)anykmkeRbIedIm,Ivas;cMgay KMnUsCabnÞat; b¤ mMu RtYtBinitüCMerAsMrab;kat;tMrUvépÞbBaÄr nig kMrit
kMBs; .
1-1 ]bkrN_rgVas;
edIm,ImansmtßPaBkñúgkarvas;eGay)anrh½s nig eTotBitenaH CageQIRtUvhVwkhat;eGay)an
sÞat;CMnajGMBIrgVas; 1 Em:Rt edayGnuvtþGanEm:RtbnÞat; b¤ Em:Rtr:ULÚeGay)anrh½s nig c,as;Cak;lak; .
RbeTsEdlmankarrIkcMerInxag]sSahkmμCaeRcIn )aneRbIRbB½n§rgVas;CaEm:Rt (metric system of
measure) . rgVas;)anRtUvRkitCaCYrenAelIbnÞHEdk EdlmanPaKl¥itCag Yard ¬rgVas;rbs;Gg;eKøs¦ .
EpñkEdltUcCagEm:RtKWedsIuEm:Rt (1/10) EpñkEdlRtUveRbICMnYseday feet . sg;TIEm:Rt (1/100)
nig mIlIEm:Rt (1/1000) )anRtUveRbICMnYseday inche nig RbPaK . BakünaMmux kilo- KWbgðajkarFMCag
1000 dg Edl)aneRbICMnYseday mile .
Metric system KWgayRsYleRbIR)as;Cag Engush System BIeRBaHRKb;rgVas;TaMgGs;KWmanTMrg;
TsPaK ehIyKμanRbPaK .
bnÞat;bt;CabYnkg;
rUbPaB 2-1 bnÞat;bt;bYnkg;
CaTUeTAEm:Rtbt;rbs;CageQIeFVIeLIgBIbnÞHeQIP¢ab;edayRtecokTg;Edg nig karBarxagcugeday
KMrb .
Em:Rtbt;enHeFVIeLIgCabnÞat;rwgEdlcab;P¢ab; nig Tb;edayRtecok . bnÞat;enHmanrgVas; 3ft (lm)
bt;)anCabYnkg;esμI²Kña KWCam:UEdlEdleKniymeRbIR)as;CageK . minfaRbePTRbB½n§énrgVas;GVIk¾)anEdl
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36. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
GñkcUlcitþ eyIgKYrEtTijnUvbnÞat;mYyEdlmanrgVas; feet nig inch enAEpñkmçag nig rgVas;CaEm:Rtman
enAEpñkmçageTot .
bnÞat;Edk
rUb 2-2 Em:RtEdk
Em:RtEdkCa]bkrN_caM)ac;mYyrbs;GñkeFVIkar b:uEnþGñkRtUvmanya:gtick¾mYyEdrnUvbnÞat; 1ft
(300mm) sMrab;eFVIkarKUseGay)anCak;lak; . bnÞat;EdkenHmanGtßRbeyaCn_pgEdr sMrab;vas;elIEKm
RCugxøI² .
vamanPaBgayRsYl RbsinebIEpñkcMehogénbnÞat;manKMnUsRkitya:gc,as;edayEbgEckCaKMnUs
RkittamxñatnImYy²eq<aHeTAmuxrhUtdl;cugbnÞat; .
bnÞat;EdlmanRCugEKmRtg;
rUbPaB 2-3 bnÞat;EdlmanRCugEKmRtg;
KWCabnÞHEdkEdlKμanKMnUsRkit edaymanEKmRCugmçageTr . ]bkrN_enHsMrab;eRbIR)as;sMrab;
RtYtBinitüelIépÞrabesμI nig eRbICaCMnYysMrab;KUsbnÞat;Rtg;EdlqUtedaykUnkaMbit .
cMeBaHsnøwkkþarEdlmankMras;Rkas; vak¾manTMnak;TMngCamYybnÞat;enHEdr edayeRcIneRbICa
BiesssMrab;Tb;qUt b¤ kat; edIm,IeFVIkartMrwmeGaycUlRtUvtamTMhM . bnÞat;enHmanRbEvgBI 20 inch
(500mm) eTA 78 inch (2m) .
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37. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
Em:Rtr:ULÚ
rUb 2-4 Em:Rtr:ULÚ
Em:Rtr:ULÚEdlmanRbEvg 16 ft (5m) KWmantMrUvkarCacaM)ac;kñúgkareRbIR)as;sMrab;RKb;eragCag .
eKRtUveRCIserIsEm:Rtr:ULÚEdlmanRbePTrgVas;BIrenAsgxagénEm:Rtr:ULÚ dUecñHvaeFVIeGaymanPaBgay
RsYlsMrab;karpøas;RbePTrgVas; .
k,alTMBk;EdlenAEpñkxagcugénbnÞaEm:Rt P¢ab;edayEdkmiunehIyrlug edIm,IeGayvaGaccl½t
Rtlb;edIm,IeFVIkarvas;Epñkxagkñúg nig xageRkA . TMBk;enHCa]bkrN_sMrab;Tb;bnÞaEm:Rt enAeBlEdlva
pÞat;cUlenAkñúgRbGb; . RtUvTijEm:Rtr:ULÚEdlmanKnøWemkanicsMrab;Tb;ExSbnÞaEm:RtkñúgkrNIEdlrmUr
Rtlb;eTAkñúgRbGb;yfaehtu .
]bkrN_Ekg
rUbPaB 2-5 ]bkrN_Ekg (90º)
]bkrN_EkgmanbnÞHEdkEdlmanRCugRsbKñaehIyP¢ab;eTAnwg dgeQI Edksμit rW )øasÞic .
vaRtUv)aneRbIsMrab;RtYtBinitüPaBRtwmRtUvénmMu 90º enARCugEkg b¤ karKUsbnÞat;enAEKmRCugedIm,IeGay
Rtg;; . RbsinebIenARCugEpñkxagelIéndgkan; eKbiutvaCamMu 45º enaH vaGaceRbIR)as;pgEdrsMrab;eFVItMNmMu
45º .
EkgEdldgvaeFVIBI )aøsÞic b¤ Edk nwgminmanPaBlMeGogBIeRBaHEteRKOgbgÁMúrbs;vaminGackMerIk .
cMeBaHdgeQI GacmanRbtikmμRsUbCatisMeNIm ehIy EdkeKalmiunEdlP¢ab;bnÞHEdkrbs;EkgeTAnwgdg
eQIGacrlugRbsineFVIeGayEkgenaHFøak; . eTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday CageQIeKniymeRbIEkgEdlmandg
eQIRkhmehIyEKmeRsabedayTg;Edg BIeRBaHvaCa]bkrN_EdleFVIeLIgya:gRbNitmYy .
EkgEdlmanRbEvgbnÞHEdk 1ft (300mm) RtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;CaTUeTA .
Carpentering Works -37-

38. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
EkgmMu 45º
rUbPaB 2-6 EkgmMu 45º
bnÞHEdkrbs;EkgmMu 45º RtUv)andak;eGaykat;cugdgenAmMu 45º . vaRtUv)aneRbIsMrab;KUselItMN
mMu 45º nig sMrab;RtYtBinitüeGay)anRtwmRtUvnUvEpñkEdlkat;ecjrbs;tMN .
mMuEkgrMkilEdlmanmuxeTr
rUbPaB 2-7 EkgmMurMkilEdlmanmuxeTr
EkgmMurMkilEdlmanmuxeT manmuxgardUcCaEkgxagkñúgEdr b:uEnþvaGactMrUvmMuEdleyIgcg;)an
ehIyP¢ab;KnøWHedayknøas; rW ex©A .
BumÖk,alGENþg
rUb 2-8 BumÖk,alGENþg
BumÖk,alGENþgeRbICaBiess sMrab;KUseFVItMN BnøÚjragk,alGENþg . bnÞHmçag²manragRCug
eTr 1:6 sMrab;eQIRsay nig 1:8 sMrab;eQIrwg .
Carpentering Works -38-

39. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
kMbitqUt
rUbPaB 2-9 kaMbitqUt
enAelItMNnImYy² CadMbUgRtUvKUsedayexμAédsin b:uEnþCanic©CakalRtUveRbIkaMbitqUtsMrab;kat;
sréseQI edIm,IFanaEKmRCugeGay)ans¥at . EpøkaMbitmanmuxeTEtmçagKt; . eKeRbIkaMbitenAelIEpñk
cMehogmçagénbnÞat;Edlmin)ankar EpøkaMbitqUtkat;enAelIépÞrabeGayGibCab;eTAnwgEkg .
EkgbnSM
rUbPaB 2-10 EkgbnSM
EkgbnSMenHmanbnÞarcl½tEdlmanRbEvg 1 inch (25mm) TTWg nig beNþay 12 inch (30cm)
EdlrMkiltamcg¥Úr)antamdgtYrbs;Ekg . vaRtUv)aneKeRbIsMrab;KUs rW vas;mMu 90º nig 45º . dgtYrbs;
Ekg)anGibP¢ab;eTAnwgEKmRCugénbnÞHEkg edaymanRkitxñatpgEdr . vamanmuxgarsMrab;tMrUvxñatCMerA b¤
RtYtBinitüCMerAéncg¥Úrlak; b¤ lk . vaRtUv)aneRbICamYyexμAédpgEdr edIm,IKUsbnÞat;RsbeTAnwgEKmRCug
énbnÞHkþar . KMnUsbnÞat;kñúgEbbenHeKehAfabnÞat;xñat . ExSbnÞat;xñatenHRtUv)aneKvas;edaykarkan;
exμAéd ehIyrujtambeNþayEKmRCugénbnÞHkþar . enAeBlGnuvtþRtUvKUsEtmþgKt; minRtUvKUseRcIndg
eLIy . dMbUgRtUvRtYtBinitüEKmRCugénbnÞHkþareGay)anRtg;R)akd .
EkgFM
rUbPaB 2-11 EkgFM
Carpentering Works -39-

40. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
CaerOy² EkgFMenHeKehAfaEkgEdk vamanragCaGkSr L . ]bkrN_enHeFVIeLIgBIbnÞHesþIgén
Edk b¤ GaluymIj:Úm . eCIgEvgTaMgBIrRtUv)aneKehAfa bnÞar b¤ tY nigmanTMhMbnÞar 2 inch (50mm) nig
beNþay 24 inch (60cm) . eCIgEdlxøIehAfa GNþat nig manTMhMbnÞar 1½ inch (38mm) nig beNþay
16 inch (40cm) enAEkgénRCugEpñkxagcugehAfaEkgeCIg ¬rbs;EkgEdk¦ .
enAelIépÞcMehogmanRtaeQμaHGñkplit EdlehAfaépÞmuxcMehog . mancMnYnelxxus²KñaenAelI
EpñkcMehogTaMgBIrrbs;Ekg eRcIneRbIsMrab;karKNnaepÞagrbs;eRKaHpÞH EdlmanenAelIépÞmuxcMehogrbs;
bnÞar . vak¾eRbI)anl¥RbesIrcMeBaHRbEvgénbIbYnRbePTrbs;epÞag .
cMnucBIrcl½t
rUbPaB 2-12 cMNucBIrcl½t
Ca]bkrN_mYyKUr EdlehAfacMnucBIrsMrab;eRbIKUsCargVg; b¤ EpñkénrgVg; kMeNag vaeRbIdUcCaEdk
QanpgEdr . tY]bkrN_TaMgBIrRtUvtMrUvxñatcMgayrbs;kaMrgVg;Edlcg;)an rYceKobrwteTAbnÞHeQIedIm,I
KUs . cMnucmYyRtUvdak;eGaycMcMNuckNþal nig cMnucmYyeTotP¢ab;edayexμAédedIm,IeyalKUsecjCa
rgVg; b¤ kMeNag .
enAelIxñaténcMnucTaMgBIrenH edIm,IeGayRbesIr eKRtUveFVIeLIgBIbnÞHeQIesþIg . xñatrgVas;man
rhUtdl;cugkMNt;cMgayCakaMrbs;rgVg;rYmCamYyEdkRsYc b¤ kUnEdkeKalsMrab;eFVICacMnuckNþal . tMrUv
EdkRsYceGay)anRtg;eTAnwgbnÞHxñat bnÞab;mkrwtP¢ab; ehIyTajrUtcMnucexμAédrMkilelIbnÞHedIm,ItMrUvxñat
rgVg; b¤ kMeNag .
EfrkSacugexμAédeGayragCaGkSr V edIm,IrkSaKMnUsrn§ nig sVan)anRtwmRtUveTAtamExSKMnUsenH.
rkSaTukdak;]bkrN_rgVas;enH edaykMueGaymanb:HTgÁiceTAelIcMnucTaMgBIr .
Carpentering Works -40-

41. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
EkvsÞg;
rUbPaB 2-13 EkvsÞg;
eKplitEkvsÞg;enHeLIg edIm,IeRbIR)as;kñúgkarcg¥úlbgðajBIépÞedk nig bBaÄr . vamanExSbnÞat;
mYyEdlmansar³sMxan;kñúgkarkMNt;cMNaMfavtßúenaHmanépÞedk b¤ QrRtg;RtwmRtUv . enAEpñkén]bkrN_
mancMnucsÞgépÞedk nig sÞg;épÞbBaÄrenAcugsgxagnImYy²én]bkrN_ . ebIsincMnucenARbeLaHkNþal
enaHminRtwmRtUv eKminGaceFVIkarvas;sÞg;)aneLIy .
EkvsÞg;rbs;CageQI eRbIsMrab;RtYtBinitüenAelIépÞedk nig bBaÄr .
PaBRtwmRtUvrbs;EkvsÞg; )ankMNt;eGaykaremIl)anBitR)akdEdr .
BBuHxül;EdlmanenAkñúgbMBg;eRsabkBa©k;énEkvsÞg;RtUvEt
RtwmRtUvedaysßitenAcMkNþalKMnUsbnÞat;elIbMBg; . bMBg;énEkvsÞg;enHmanTisedABIrEdlgakersMrab;eFVI
karRtYtBinitüelIépÞedk nig bBaÄr . cMnYnbMBg;kñgEkvsÞg;kMNt;eTAtamRbEvgEkvsÞg; nig eTAtamGñk
ú
plit .
EkvsÞg;)aneFVIeLIgGMeBIeQI b¤ Edk CaFmμtaeKeFVIBIGaluymIj:Úm . CageQICaeRcIneKcUlcitþ
RbePTEdk EdlmanbeNþayBI 24-28 inch (60-70) .
cMNaM ³ minRtUveFVIeGayEkvsÞg;Føak;eLIy BIeRBaHvaGaceGayEbkkBa©k; b¤ manPaBlMeGogrbs;
EkvsÞg; . edIm,IRtYtBinitüeGay)anRtwmRtUvénvtßúmyedayépÞedk b¤ bBaÄr eKRtUvykEkvsÞg;dak;Tb;
Y
eGayCab;eTAnwgépÞEdlsÞg;enaH emIledayykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHTItaMgBBuHxül;eTAnwgExSbnÞat;enAelI
bMBg; . rMkilEkvsÞg;tambeNþayG½kSbBaÄr eKRtUvykEkvsÞg;dak;Tb;eGayCab;eTAnwgépÞEdlsÞg;enaH
emIledayykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHTItaMgBBuHxül;eTAnwgExSbnÞat;enAelIbMBg; . rMkilEkvsÞg;tambeNþay
G½kSbBaÄr enAkEnøgdEdlénvtßúenaH ebI]bkrN_rgVas;emIleTAdUcBImunenaH dUcenHépÞsÞg;enHRtwmRtUv .
bnÞat;sÞg;enHrYmpSMedaybMBg;kBa©k;mYyeRKOgeRsabEdkCamYynwgTMBk;enAcugsgxagTMBk;enH
RtUv)ancab;P¢ab;rYcvaGactMrUveLIgelI b¤ cMnuccuH)anrhUtdl;BBuHxül;sßitenAcMnuckNþal . b:uEnþenaHCa
y:agNak¾eday k¾viFIenHminRtwmRtUvBitR)akdEdr kñúgkaremIlPaBesμIrénEkvsÞg;RtUvrkSakarcab;P¢ab;rbs;
bMBg;sÞg;eGay)anCab; ebIvarbUtenaHeyIgminGacsÞg;)aneT edaysarTMgn;rbs;vaep¥ógmkmçag² EdlnaM
eGayxuscMnuckNþal dUcenHlT§plvak¾xusEdr .
Carpentering Works -41-

42. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
kUnRbeyal
kUnRbeyalvamanPaBRtwmRtUv EdlCajwkjab;RtUv)aneRbIsMrab;RtYBinitüépÞbBaÄr . eBlEdl
BüÜrExSmYyEdlmankUnRbeyalvanwgFøak;cuH)anCaExSQrmYy bnÞab;BIvaQb;eyal . kUnRbeyalvaman
TMhMxus²Kña nig kareRbIk¾xus²KñaEdreTAtamkardæan nig eTAtamkMlaMgxül;bk;pat;kUnRbeyal
TMgn;F¶n;rbs;vaQb;eyal)anrh½sCagkUnRbeyalEdlmanTMgn;Rsal manRbehagkñúgdUcenHeKbMeBj
vaedayEdkrwg edIm,IbegáInTMgn;edaytBRgIknUvTMhMrbs;vaeLIy .
rUbPaB 2-14 kUnRbeyal
kUnRbeyaleRcIneRbI)anrh½s nig manPaBRtwmRtUvénépÞbBaÄrénTueyaTwk srsr TVar eRKag
nig eRKagq¥wgdéTeTotEdlmanépÞbBaÄr . vaGacbBaÄb; nig )ankMBs;mYyEdlbegáIteLIgedaycMnuckUn
RbeyalehIykMNt;)anCabnÞat;EtmYyKt; .
1-2 ]bkrN_KUsdwkbnÞat;
rUbPaB 2-15 ExSdwkbnÞat;
CaExSRtg;Evg sMrab;pÞat;dwkecjCaKMnUsExS . ExSEdlCab;emSAdIsenH RtUvsn§wgeGaytwgrvag
cMnucTaMgBIr rYcpÞat;eTAelIépÞrab emSAdIsenH)anrbUtecjBIExS ehIyCab;enaelIépÞrab .
eKeRbIéd]bkrN_év: edIm,IrMuExSdIsenHeLIgvij eKehAfaRbGb;dIspgEdr RbGb;enH)anbMeBjeTA
edayemSAEdlmanBN’ . BN’EdlniymcUlcitþeRbIman ³ exov elOg Rkhm nig s . ExS)anepSIm
Carpentering Works -42-

43. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
y:ageCaKeTAedayemSABN’ EdlenAkñúgcMehogénRbGb;manédrévmYy . ExSbnÞat;enHnwgQb;eRbIeBl
NaEdlkMeTcemSAGs;BIkñúgRbGb;]bkrN_ bnÞat;BIpÞat;bIbYnsarmk
nwgRtUvkarbEnßmkMeTcemSAfñaMeGay )aneRcIneLIgvij eFVIkarGRgYnRbGb;edIm,IeGaykMeTcemSACab;ExS .
eBlEdlRkLúkeGaykMeTcemSA Cab;ExSRtUvbiTKMrbmuxrbs;RbGb; .
cab;TajExSeGayRtg;ehIyeGaytwgmun nig cab;epþImpÞat; . tMrg;ExSbnÞat;edayEPñkemIlPaB
Rtg;énExSkMueGaydk; .
ebImanExSdk;enaH RtUvmanTMrmYyenAcMkNþalExS . cMeBaHExSmanRbEvg cugsgxagénExSRtUv
cab;P¢ab;eGayCab; sgát;Rtg;cMnuckNþalénExSbnÞat;eTAelIépÞ ehIycab;pÞat;ExSsgxagTaMgBIréncMnuc
kNþal EfrkSaExSkMueGayesIm ebIExSesImenAeBlGnuvtþeTAvamin)anlT§pll¥eT .
EdkQan
rUbPaB 2-16 EdkQan
EdkQaneRbIsMrab;KUrCargVg; b¤ kMeNag RbeLaHEdkQanesμIrnwgcMgaymYy . ]bkrN_enHeRbI
R)as;)anya:gmaMkñúgkarKUsvas sMrab;KUselIépÞmYyEdlmineTogTat; edaycuceCIgEdkQaneGayGib
Cab;eTAnwgdMupÞaMgenaH vagayRsYl nig PaBeTogBiteRcIn kñúgkarKUsvas . eCIgEdkQaneFVIeLIgBIEdkrwg
kEn§kecjeRkA nig Epñkxagcugragekag . CaFmμtaexμAédeRbIpøas;bþÚrKña)anRtg;kEnøgeCIgKMnUseRbIexμAéd
EdlmanbNþÚlrwgehIyEvg .
BBaydwk
Carpentering Works -43-

44. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2-17 BBaydwk
eKeRbIR)as;BBaydwkkñúgkarKUsbnÞat;RsbeTAnwgEKmRCug Edl)anQUstMrg;ehIy . m¢úlEdl
RsYc RtUv)ancab;P¢ab;eTAcugmçagéneQIr)arwg CBa¢aMgTb; b¤ tYBBayrGilenAelIr)a ehIycab;P¢ab;eTAtam
cMgayEdltMrUvkarBIm¢úl edaysarvIusemEdk bnÞHesþIgTg;Edg)anesotesμIeTAnwgépÞmuxéntY edIm,IkarBar
PaBswk sþg;da ¬niyam¦ RbEvgrbs;r)a 8 inch (200mm) b:uEnþGñkGaceFVIr)a 1ft (300mm) sMrab;KUs
dwkelIbnÞarbnÞHkþar .
BBaykat;
rUbPaB 2-18 BBaykat;
BBaykat;manrUbragRsedognwgBBaydwkEdr b:uEnþmanTMhMtUcCag ehIykarGnuvtþn_eFVIdUcBBay
dwkEdr . vaCMnYseTACabnÞartUc EdlP¢ab;edayesñót .
eKeFVIvaeLIgrebobenH edIm,IKUskat;TTwgsréssac;eQI mindUcm¢úlrbs;BBaydwkEdlRKan;Et
EjkEhkelIépÞsac;eQIEtb:ueNÑaH . sþg;darrbs;bnÞarragmUl b:uEnþvaGacCMnYsedaycugkaMbitsMrab;kat;
snøwkBas;lMGr .
BaBaydMNab;
rUbPaB 2-19 BBaydMNab;
BBaydMNab;enHmanm¢úlBIrsMrab;dwkbnÞat;éncMehogTaMgBIrrbs;dMNab; b¤ BnøÚj m¢úlmYy)an
cab;P¢ab;enAnwgmYykEnøg nig m¢úlmYyeTot)anP¢ab;eTAsñÚkEdk EdlGacrMkil nig éltMrUv)anl¥RbesIr
edayvIuseméd EdlmanenAxagcugr)a .
Carpentering Works -44-

45. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
]bkrN_BBaydMNab;CaeRcIn RtUvEtm¢úlmYyP¢ab;hñwgmYykEnøgelIcMehogmçageTotrbs;r)a dUc
eTAnwgBBaydwkEdr .
BBayEKmRCugekag
rUbPaB 2-20 BBayEKmRCugekag
CamYynwgépÞrabesμIr kardwkbnÞat;RsbedayBBayFmμta vaxusKñaeTAnwgkardwkbnÞat;ekagénEKm
RCug .
CBa¢aMgTb;Biessrbs;tYBBay EdlmanEKmRCugekagmYy nwgmanm¢úlBIrGcl½t
edIm,IkarBar ]bkrN_eBleyalGUseTAmk kñúgkardwkbnÞat;EKmRCug . ehIyvaGaceRbIpgEdr
enAelIeQIEdlmanépÞ eTalRtg; .
2- karxYg nig ]bkrN_kat;
CaerOy²CageQIRtUvkarkat;CaRbehagenAelIeQI nig Edk . cMeBaHeQIkarxYg bgðajBIkarkat;
RbehageGay)anTUlay Cajwkjab;karsVanRbehag)aneFVIeLIgelIEdk b¤ k¾RbehagtUcenAelIeQI
TaMgenaH]bkrN_xYgk¾)anrYmbBa©ÚlpgEdr . dUcenHedIm,Ikat;nUvsMPar³TaMgenaH eyIgRtUvbgVilnUv]bkrN_
kat; .
2-1 sVanrévéd
rUbPaB 2-21 sVanrévéd
Carpentering Works -45-

46. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
dgsVanenH manédrévsMrab;sVanenAP¢ab;eRKagvamank,alcab;mYysMrab;tMrg;TisedA nig eFVIkar
sgát;eTAelIdgkan;ragmUlenAeBleyIgGnuvtþ . kareFVIclnaCagrgVg;)anedaysareRKagbt;mansñab;éd
ehIyxñatrbs;sVanédKittamviC¢maRtrbs;eRKagbt;enH . GñkeFVIkargarCageQICaeRcIn)aneRbIR)as;dg
sVan 10 inch (250mm) b:uEnþvamanxøHeFVIeRKagbt;tUcdUcCa 5 7/8 inch (147mm) nig FM 1ft (300mm) .
sVanédenHmanemkaniceFVIBIkgcRkmans<WCMuvijEdlenABIeRkayfÁamcab; . ]bkrN_minGaceRbI
enAelIkEnøgNaEdlmanEkgbt;)aneLIy . clnarwtEpøsVan vapÞúynwgclnasVan karbn§ÚrfÁamcab;tam
TisedARTnicnaLika GacéltMrUvs<WemkanicenHeGayvileqVg-sþaM)an b¤ køas;esar .
2-2 EpøsVan
cMeBaHEpøsVanEdlmanKl;EpøCakaer: eK)anplitCaBiessnUvfÁamcab;sMrab;Tb;cab;EpøsVanRbePT
enH . b:uEnþCaTUeTAeKeFVIfÁamcab;enHeTAtamKl;EpøsVanragmUlpgEdr .
EpøsVankNþal
rUbPaB 2-22 EpøsVankNþal
tYEpøsVaneFVIBIEdkrwg eRbIR)as;sMrab;sVanrn§rak;² . manm¢úlBnøÚjmYyRsYc nig enAelIEKmEpøman
épÞmutsMrab;qUtkat;EKmrgVg;énRbehagmunnwgsVancUleTAkñúgsac;eQITaMgRsug . enHeFVIeGayRbehag
manPaBrlIgl¥ . cMeBaHs<WEdlmanenAelIm¢úlBnøÚj)anTajtYEpøeGaycUleTAkñúgsac;eQI . EpøsVanenH
manTMhMBI ¼ eTA 2 inch (60 eTA 50mm) .
EpøsVanxYg ¬EpøxYg¦
rUbPaB 2-23 EpøsVanxYg ¬EpøxYg¦
tYEpøsVanxYgenHrWgRbhak;RbEhleTAnwgtYEpøsVankNþalEdr . b:uEnþEpøbnSúIvaragrmYlGacsVan)an
RbehageRCA ehIyGacm_Edk)anTajecjmképÞxagelI . vamanm¢úlBIreTotEdlenACab;EKmRCugEpøkat;
pgEdr . épÞrbs;Epøkat;manPaBrmYlrmYlBIrCan; .
Carpentering Works -46-

47. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
EpøsVanxYgenHmanviC¢maRtTMhMBI ¼ eTA 1 ½ (6-38mm) TMhMRbeLaHrmYlnImYy²y:ageRcIn 1
inch (25mm) b:ueNÑaH .
EpøsVanBRgIk
rUbPaB 2-24 EpøsVanBRgIk
EpøsVanBRgIkenHsMrab;éltMrUvkñúgkarsVanRbehagEdlTak;TgeTAnwgTMhMviC¢maRtmYycMnYn . Epø
kat;manRkitxñatsMrab;eFVIkarelIITIkEnøgEdlmaneRKOgRbGb; b¤ Cam:UEdlxøH eFμjbnSúIragmUl .
CaFmμtaEpøsVanvamanTMhMBIrEbbGacsVanRbehagkñúgviC¢maRt ½ eTA 3 inch (22-75mm) .
EpøsVanxYgmat;rn§
rUbPaB 2-25 EpøsVanxYgmat;rn§
EpøsVanRbePTenH eRbIdUcEpøsVanédEdr Kl;Epøragkaer:tMrUveTAtamsþg;darfÁamcab; .
EpøsVanTYnNWvIus
rUbPaB 2-26 EpøsVanTYnNWvIus
EpøsVanenHsMrab;kic©karNaEdleRcIn . EpøTYNWvIusGacbegáIt)ankMlaMgbgVilFMsMrab;mYlvIusEdl
Evg .
2-3 bec©keTssVan
edIm,IecosvagkarEbksac;eQItUc²EdlmanenAelIcMehogxageRkayénpÞaMgdul eBleyIgsVan
CitFøayRtUvQb;sVan rYceFIVkarRtLb;BIEpñkeRkaymkvij CaBiessvamansar³RbeyaCn_Nas;sMrab;eFVI
Carpentering Works -47-

48. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
karelIeRKagTVar . RtUvykecjEdkeKal b¤ rbs;rwgxøHEdlmanenARtg;rgVg;sVanEdlGacnaMeGay)ak; b¤
Tal ¬ril¦ m¢úlBnøÚjénEpøsVan .
2-4 EdkecaH
rUb 2-27 EdkecaH
EdkecaHvaRbhakRbEhleTAnwgrn§sVanya:gsamBaØ sac;eQIminGacFak;ecjeRkAdUcCasVaneT
b:uEnþRKan;EteRbIkMlaMgxøaMgeTAelIvaedIm,Ipþac;séseQI . eKeRbIR)as;vaedIm,IeFVIrn§mundMbUg munnwgbBa©ÚlvIus
b¤ k¾sMrab;Tb;nUvcMnucKMnUskNþalsMrab;sVan . eBldak;vaeTAkEnøgTTwgsac;eQI cugvaEdlmanragdUc
TYNWvIus )ankat;sésreQIdUcEdkqñúc edayrujbBa©ÚleTAkñúgeQI ecosvagPaBEdlGacekIteLIgnUvkar
rEhksac;eQI .
2>5 EdkxYgéd ¬Edkéx¦
rUb 2-28 EdkxYgéd
Edkéxvamanmuxgar Rbhak;RbEhleTAnwgEdkecaHEdr b:uEnþmansmtßPaBkñúgkareFVIrn§eGayeRCA
edaykarkat; nig Gacm_eQIFak;ecjdUcCaEpøsVanEdr .
2-6 sVanéd
dgénédrévrbs;sVanédvabgVilk,alcab;eTAtamRbB½n§rbs;kg;s<W .
rUb 2>29 sVanéd
Carpentering Works -48-

49. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
k,alcab;enHenAxagkñúgmanfÁambIsMrab;eKobmYlrwtEpøsVanEdlmanviC¢matrhUtdl; 3/8 inch
(9mm) mansVanédxøHrévedayemkanic .
EpøsVanrmYl b¤ EpøsVanEdk
EpøsVanrmYlCaTUeTAvamanragCabMBg;rYmCamYycg¥ÚrBIrrmYleLIgx<s; edIm,IgayRsYlkñúgkargar
sVanrn§ .
rUb 2-30 EpøsVanrmYl
enAEpñkx<s;bMptuéntYEpøsVan vamanRCugEpøkat;BIrEdlmanTMrg;CacMnucRsYc cMnucRsYcTaMgBIrenH
eRcInragmUlvamanmMu 59 dWeRk sMrab;karsVancUleTAkñgEdk nig manmMumYyeTot 45 dWeRk sMrab;sVancUl
ú
eTAkñúgeQI manCageQICaeRcIn)anerobcMeRbIR)as;EpøsVanEdkEdlmanel,Ónx<s; .
CamFümEpøsVanrmYlmanTMhMBI 1/16 eTA ½ inch (1 eTA 13mm) eTaHbICak,alcab;vaminman
TMhMFMCag 3/8 inch (9mm) k¾eday cMeBaHEpøsVanEdlmanTMhMFMCagk,alcab;eK)anRkLwgenAKl;Epø
sVaneGaymanviC¢maRttUcEdlk,alcab;GaceKobrwt)an .
EpøsVaneQI
rUb 2-21 EpøsVaneQI
EpøsVanmYlenHrYmmancMnucRsYcenAcMkNþal nig manxñayBIrsMrab;bnSúIdMbUgénEpøsVankMueGayman
karrebHecjénsac;eQI vasVan)aneTAelImuxkat;sac;eQIedayRtwmRtUvsMrab;eFVItMNsøg; .
EpøsVanxYgmat;rn§
rUb 2-32 EpøsVanxYgmat;rn§
Carpentering Works -49-

50. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
EpøsVanxYgmat;rn§enH kat;sac;eQIykecjCaragmUltMrUveTAtamk,alvIsmYleQIRbehagrag
eRTtrabesμI . dMbUgRtUvsVanrn§tMrUvtYvIussin bnÞab;mkeRbIsVanxYgmat;rn§dlvart;Rtg;cMnuckNþaleday
sV½yRbvtþi .
2-7 Bnøak
BnøakrYmCamYyrNar nig EdkQUs Ca]bkrN_EdlRtUvkarcaM)ac;sMrab;kargarCageQI vaPaKeRcIn
sMrab;dab;yksac;eQIecjEdlmin)ankaréntMN eTaHbICamankarEkERbfμItictYc k¾)ankareRbIR)as;pg
EdreTAelIRTg;RTaykñúgkartMrwmsMGatenelIdMukMNat;kic©kar . BnøakEdlknþal;maMmaneBlxøHeFVIkarCamYy
jjÜreQI eBlEdlRtUvyksac;eQIecjeRcIn b:uEnþeRcIneBlEdl]bkrN_enHeRbICamYykMlaMgédsgát;
Etb:ueNÑaH .
Bnøakrwg
BnøatrwgenHCamUldæanTUeTAsMrab;BnøakÉeTot . muxkat;EpøvamanragbYnRCugRTEvgmaMRKb;RKan;
sMrab;elIeQIsVitCamYyjjÜreQI .
rUb 2-33 Bnøakrwg
EpøvaeFVIya:gNaeTogTat;mancMnYnbEnßmBI 1/8 eTA 1/ ½ inch (3-38mm) énTTwg b:uEnþmanTTwg
Bnøat 2 inch (50mm) EdlGacrk)anpgEdr .
BnøakRCugbBaäit
rUb 2-34 BnøakRCugbBaäit
EpñkxageRkamcMehogénRCugEpøBnøak varabesμIrdUcBnøakrwgEdr b:uEnþRCugbBaäitvarak;eTAxageRkam
GbeTAedayRCugbBaäitEvgBIr . ]bkrN_eFVIeLIgedayTMgn;RsalEdlGaceFVIkarCamYyédEtb:ueNÑaH
vaeRbIenAelItMNBnøÜjk,alGENþtpgEdr . BnøatRCugbBaäitmanTMhMxñatdUceTA nwg BnøatrwgEdr .
Carpentering Works -50-

51. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
BnøakerH
rUb 2-35 BnøakerH
BnøakerHenHKWragvaCaBnøakEdlbEnßmRCugbBaäitEvg sMrab;erHecjsac;eQIEdlelIstictYcén
tMNbnÞHkar .
BnøakerHsþÜc
rUb 2-36 BnøakerHsnþÜc
ksþÜcBnøakenHvaRKb;RKan;eTArkkargarCageQIedayrkSamuxEpøsMEb:trbs;vadak;enAelIépÞrabesμI
edIm,IeFVIkarerHenAcenøaHbnÞHkþarEdlFM .
Bnøakmuxeqog
rUb 2-37 Bnøakmuxeqog
muxkat;rbs;EpøeqogcUlKñasßitenAmuM 60 dWeRk edIm,IqUtkat;CabnÞat;esþIgenAEKmRCugdUcBnøakEdr
KWqUteq<aHeTAmux .
kareFVIenHKWedIm,IeGayépÞkat; s¥atrabesμIRtg; enAelIsac;eQIEdlBi)ak nig CaBiesscugRsYc
vaeRcIneRbIR)as;sMrab;sMGatecjnUvRCugEkgEdlqÁaMqÁg . TMhMbnÞarEpømanBI ½ , 1/3 nig 1 inch (12, 18
nig 25mm) .
Carpentering Works -51-

52. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
2-8 BnøakeFVIRbehagdMNab;
kardab;RbehagdMNab;eGayvaRtUvKñanwgBnøakEdlkargar)ankMNt; . CaFmμtaRtUvmantuCagedIm,I
eFVIkarrYmKñakñúgkareFVIdMNab; .
BnøakeFVIRbehagdMNab;
rUb 2-38 BnøakeFVIRbehagdMNab;
BnøakenHmanbEnßmnUvkMras;muxEpøsMrab;eFVIkic©karEdllM)ak vamaMehIymankMlaMgRKb;RKan;edIm,I
eRbIR)as;kñúgkargardab;yksac;eQIecjCafñak;²énCMeraRbehag épÞcMehogvaragRCugEkgedIm,IeGayRtUv
nwgdMNab; BIBnøkeTAcugrbs;varagCabnÞH edIm,IkarBarmuxBnøkeTAkñúgkargardab;RbehagdMNab; . Bnøak
RbePTenHplitman 4 TMhMBI ¼ eTA ½ inch (6 eTA 12 mm) .
BnøaksMrab;Rbehag
rUb 2-39 BnøaksMrab;Rbehagesar
kBnøakmUlenACitcugénmuxEpøBnøak vamanlT§PaBRKb;RKan;kñúgkargareQIsMrab;sMGatnUvEpñkEdl
esssl;tictYcénépÞ)aténCMerArbs;RbehagdMNab; . kareFVIRbehagdMNab;eGayRtUveTAtamsþg;dar
rbs;Bnøak . eRCIserIsBnøaksMrab;eFVIRbehagesar eGaydUcTMhM b¤ Rbhak;RbEhleGayxustictYcBI
RbehagsMrab;muxgarenH .
BnøakdMNab;FM
rUb 2-40 BnøakdMNab;
Carpentering Works -52-

53. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
BnøakenH)aneFVIeLIgtaMgBIedImmksMrab;GñkeFVIk)a:l; . BnøakenHmanbnÞarcab;BI ½ inch (38
mm) eLIgeTA sMrab;kargarsg;eTAelIeRKagq¥wgEdlcaM cgáMEdlenAelIdgCYyTb;kMueGaydgkMueGayEbk
EdlmankardMxøaMgBIjjÜr .
BnøaksMrab;ecaHesarfttu
rUb 2-41 BnøakecaHesarfttu
BnøakRbePTenHsMrab;ecaHRbehagesar nig
kEnøgmandak;RtecoksßitenATIEdlBI)akvaGaceFVI )andUcCaBnøaksamBaØmYyEdr .
vamanRCugmuxEpøkat;BIr EdlmanmMuRtwmRtUvmYyeTAnwgdgrgVil ehIynig
RCugmuxEpøkat;bnþeTotRsbCamYydgrgVilEdr . eFVIkarTb;eGayCab;BnøakenHenAelIkic©kar cucdgrgVil
CamYyjjÜreRkayBI)antMrUvRCugmuxEpøkat;eGayRtUvtamRbehagesar .
2-9 EdkQUs
tamRbéBNIEdkQUseQIvagayRsYlkñúgkareFVINas; . sñÚkEdkQUsCaeQIrwgmanragbYnRCug
RTEvg EpømYy nig EdkRTnab; Edks‘kTTwgsñÚksMrab;vayesñótsgát;P¢ab;Epø nig RTnab; .
CitesÞIrEtTaMgGs;énkic©karedIm,IeGaymanKuNPaB vaRtUvkarnUvEdkQUsTaMgenH . va)anCYy
QUsecjnUvGVIEdlminRtUvkarCamYynigkargarGVIeTotdUcCaenAelITMrrnUtbgÁgGar .
EdkQUsFmμta
rUb 2-24 EdkQUsFmμta
Carpentering Works -53-

54. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
EdkQUsenHbeNþayRbEvgBI 6½ eTA 14 ½ inch (165 eTA 365mm) muxEpøvaeFVIBIEdkkae)an
x<s;EdlmanRCugsMrab;kat;sac;eQIEpñkxageRkA vaCaEdkkae)antic edIm,IdCYyTb;Tl;eBlNaEdlQUs
CamYysac;mineTotTat; b¤ manBkeRcIn . EpñkxñgénEpørabesμIEdleFVIeGaygayRsYlkñúgkarsMelog nig
cab;P¢ab;CamYyRTnab;)anl¥ . edIm,ItMrUvEføgkñúgkarbnSúIsac;eQIeKRtUvykjjÜEdk b¤ eQImkdMBIelIépÞEpø
EdkQUsEpñkRCugxagelItic² . enAEpñkxageRkayénk,almanbBa©úHk,alsIu edIm,IbeBa©jEpøenAeBl
sMelogEpø .
edIm,IbBa©úHnUvkarkkitelIkargarEdkQUssMGatRtUvmansñÚkEvg .
EdkQUskat;bBaäit
rUb 2-43 EdkQUskat;bBaäit
CaEdkQUsBiessEdlmanvIusmYytMrUvbnÞat;Tb;edIm,IQUsbBaäitEdlmanRbEvgeLIgdl; ¾ inch
(20mm) . sñÚkEdlQUstUcP¢ab;eTAedayEpømYyvIusenAEpñkcMehogénbnÞat;Tb; .
EdkQUslk
rUb 2-44 EdkQUslk
EdkQUseQIenHeRbIR)as;dUcEdkQuslkenATVIbGWrubEdr . EpøvamanbnÞarBI ½ eTA 1 inch (12 –
24 mm) P¢ab;vaeTAkñúgsñÚkEdlmanRbEvg 11 inch (275mm) .
EdkQUssñÚkxøI
Carpentering Works -54-

55. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUb 2-45 EdkQUssñÚkxøI
vaCaEdkQUstUcEdlCYyeGaygayRsYlkan;EdlmanédmYy Cajwkjab; BYkeKRtUv)aneRbIR)as;
kñúgkarsMGatelIRCugéndMueRKOgEdlxøI nig sMrab;tMrwmmuxkat;eQIedIm,IeFVIeGaytMNl¥RbesIr .
EdkQUssñÚkxøIenHvaBi)akCaEdkQUsFmμta
EdkQUsFmμtaRCugkat;muxBnøakvaenAelIcMehogépÞ )at rIÉEdkQUssñÚkxøIvasßitenAEpñkxagelI .
bEnßmBIenHk¾manEdkQUsFmμtasñÚkEdkEdlcab;P¢ab;Epø edayKMrbEdk nig EdkQUssñÚkxøIEdlminman .
eFVIkarGnuvtþn_pÁMú nig tMrUvEpøEdkQUsTaMgBIrRbePTrhUt QUs)anGacm_EdkQUsl¥RbesIr .
EpøEdkQUsTaMgBIrRbePTmindUcKñaeT edayEpørbs;vaTaMgenaHxøHman dMux<s; b¤ xøHmanmMuTab .
CageQICaeRcIncg;)anEdkQUssñÚkxøImanmMuTabBIeRBaHskmμPaBkarQUssMGat)anrabesμIl¥ nig
vakan;cUleTAkñúgéd)anya:gRsYleRcIn .
2-10 kareRbIR)as;EdkQUs
eBlEdlQUsRtUvmaneCIgma: ¬CageQI¦ b¤ tueFVkar edIm,IsuvtßiPaBkargar . Canic©CakarQUs
I
tambeNþaysac;eQIeBlcab;epþImRtUvrujeTAmux edayeFVIkarsgát;elIcugsñÚkxagmux ehIyenAcugsñÚkxag
eRkayRtUvsgát;cuHEdr dUcenHkMLúgeBlrujeq<aHeTAmuxRtUvsgát;rujeTAelIcugsñÚkTaMgBIr . eBlNaCit
putsac;eQIRtUvbn§Úrkarsgát;nUvcugsñÚkxagmux rIÉenAcugsñÚkxageRkayRtUvbnþkarsgát;QUsrhUtdl;put
sac;eQI .
enHCaviFIedIm,IkarBarkMueGayEpñkEdlQUssIusac;eQIxøaMgenAEpñkcugeQI nig CYyeGayRtg;RCug
elIs¥at.
karsMelogBnøak nig EpøEdkQUs
muxbBaäitrbs;EpøEdkQUs nig BnøakRtUvsMelogedayma:sIunsMelog . muxbBaäitenHvaGacman
karricrilxUgpg . RbsinebI]bkrN_sMelogminGacrk)an Bnøak b¤ EpøEdkQUsRtUvTb;enAelIbgÁgeGay
Carpentering Works -55-

56. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
RtwmRtUvtammMubBaäit CaTUeTAc,ab;rbs;TTwgbBaäitvamanBIrdgeTAnwgkMras;rbs;Epø . clnasMelogEpøeLIg
elIsMrab;mMubBaäitEdlEvg nig cuHeRkamsMrab;mMubBaäitEdlxøI .
dak;Rmamcg¥úrédTb;Bnøak eGayGibCab;eTARCugcMehogxageRkAénbgÁgTb; ehIyeFVIclnamk
eRkam b¤ eTAmuxénfμsMelogkMBugvil . RClk;EpøcUleTAkñúgTwk edIm,IbnßyPaBkMedAkarBarkMueGaymuxEpø
Tn; .
minRtUvbþÚrTItaMgénRmamcg¥úrrbs;GñkeLIy eFVIeGay)anRtwmRtUv . cMeBaH]bkrN_EdlbþÚrTItaMg
kEnøgenAelIfμsMelogehIy nigmanmMuR)akd edIm,ITTYl)anmMbBaäitrabs¥atl¥ nig manTMrg;ExSlYsrlat
u
enAelIRCugmuxEpøEpñkcMehogsMEb:t . TaMgenHGacykecjedayeRbIRmamédrbs;GñkTb; dusya:gRsal
tambeNþaycMehogsMEb:teq<aHeTARCugmuxEpø .
karsMelogedayfμma:sIunvaminGaceGay]bkrN_mux)aneT dUcenHRtUvsMelogva nig fμédbEnßm
edIm,IeGayRCugmuxEpørbs;vamutl¥ kñúgkarsMelogRtUveRbIR)as;fμédeRbg rW fμ Twk . Tb;]bkrN_eGay)an
l¥enAelIfμeRbg KWépÞbBaäitRtUvdak;eGayGibenAelIfμsMelog . eFVIclnamkeRkayrWeTAmuxkat;TTwgfμ
edayRtdusbeNþIrédBIrbIdg rYceFVIBIrbIdgEdrenAelIépÞsMEb:t ¬xagxñgEpø¦ rbs;EpøBnøak rW EdkQUs bnþ
karsgÁÜtrebobenHrhUtdl;muxEpømutEdlTTYlyk)an . edIm,IeGaymuxEpømutl¥bEnßmeTot RtUveFVImþg
eTotenAelIfμEdlm:t; rW elIbnÞHEs,k . bnÞab;BIkarsgÁÜtenAelIépÞbBaäitehIy RtUvsgÁÜténépÞsMEb:tbnþic
edayeGaydac;sésrEdkEdlenACab;muxEpøenaHeTIb)anEpømutl¥ . kñúgeBlnImYy²Edl)ansMelogEpø
Bnøak rW EdkQUsRtUv)anrkSaTukeGay)anRtwmRtUv .
karsMelog nig fμma:sIunvacaM)ac;Nas;eBlNaEdlépÞbBaäitvamanRTg;RTayxUgxøaMg muxEpøEqb
xøaMg b¤ EpøbBaäitvaxøI nig Tal . RCugmuxrbs;EpøGacsgÁÜtCaeRcIndgmunnwgRtUvkarvasMelogfμma:sIun .
2-12 ké®nþkat;snøwkEdk
rUb 2-46 ké®nþkat;snøwkEdk
ké®nþRbePTenHeRbIR)as;sMrab;kat;bnÞat;Rtg;elIEdkesþIgdUcCaeRKOgRbk;dMbUl nig EdkEKmRCug
dMbUl . vamanbIRbePTsMrab;kat;EdkRtg; nig kat;ekageqVgsþaM . ké®nþmandgkan;BN’epSg²Kña édkan;
Carpentering Works -56-